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The aim of this article is to critically assess the concept of transitional labour markets (TLM) and its scientific importance. It seeks to provide a stock-taking of the methodological tools and discuss future theoretical and methodological perspectives. Since the TLM concept is by definition interdisciplinary and multi-methodological in nature, we need to ask about the extent to which this kind of openness is appropriate. The methodological review will go beyond the traditional schism of qualitative vs. quantitative research by including additional dimensions such as exploration, causal modelling, and questions regarding research design and data quality. The sources supporting this "TLM inventory" are the essential publications (books, working papers, and journal articles) of the two major research projects explicitly based on the TLM approach: TRANSLAM and TLM.NET. The paper concludes with a number of suggestions how to enhance the TLM concept in theoretical and methodological terms.

Many institutional theories assume that institutions function in conjunction with each other and, therefore, constitute regimes. Moreover, when analysing institutional effects most researchers maintain a purely variable-oriented approach and its ceteris-paribus logic of causal association. This article analyses associations between configurations of labour market and education institutions and relative youth unemployment by examining 30 countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). The analysis reveals that no single institution constitutes a sufficient or necessary condition for relative youth unemployment. Institutions unfold their effects only in combination with other institutions, that is, they are always conjunctural. Low relative youth unemployment cannot be explained adequately. Employment protection is only associated with high relative youth unemployment if vocational specificity, standardisation and stratification is low.

The aim of this article is to critically assess the concept of transitional labour markets (TLM) and its scientific importance. It seeks to provide a stock-taking of the methodological tools and discuss future theoretical and methodological perspectives. Since the TLM concept is by definition interdisciplinary and multi-methodological in nature, we need to ask about the extent to which this kind of openness is appropriate. The methodological review will go beyond the traditional schism of qualitative vs. quantitative research by including additional dimensions such as exploration, causal modelling, and questions regarding research design and data quality. The sources supporting this TLM inventory are the essential publications (books, working papers, and journal articles) of the two major research projects explicitly based on the TLM approach: TRANSLAM and TLM.NET. The paper concludes with a number of suggestions how to enhance the TLM concept in theoretical and methodological terms. ; Das Ziel dieses Aufsatzes ist eine kritische Würdigung des Konzeptes der Übergangsarbeitsmärkte und seiner wissenschaftlichen Bedeutung. Er bietet eine Bestandsaufnahme der angewandten Forschungsmethoden und diskutiert zukünftige theoretische und methodologische Perspektiven. Das Konzept der Übergangsarbeitsmärkte hat per Definition einen interdisziplinären und multi-methodischen Charakter, so dass sich die Frage nach dem optimalen Maß dieser Offenheit stellt. Die methodische Bestandsaufnahme geht dabei über das klassische Schisma von qualitativer vs. quantitativer Forschung hinaus und berücksichtigt auch Dimensionen wie z.B. Exploration und Kausalmodelle sowie Fragen des Forschungsdesigns und der Dateneigenschaften. Die Quellen, auf die sich diese TLM-Bestandsaufnahme stützt, sind die wichtigsten Publikationen (Monographien, Arbeitspapiere und wissenschaftliche Artikel) der beiden Hauptforschungsprojekte - TRANSLAM und TLM.NET - die explizit auf dem TLM-Konzept beruhen. Das Papier schließt mit einer Reihe von Anregungen, wie dieses Konzept in theoretischer wie auch methodischer Hinsicht weiterentwickelt werden sollte.

The majority of research fellows of universities and research institutions will pursue careers outside of academia. Knowledge about their professional advancement is particularly valuable for their former academic institutions as they typically qualify researchers for future positions with other (academic or non-academic) employers. The Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung is developing a career tracking instrument, which allows gaining insight into the professional development of the researchers who left the center in the last few years.

This chapter aims at assessing the Not in Employment, Education or Training (NEET) youth in Germany, where one finds a strong institutionalized apprenticeship system, a relatively high stratification of the educational system and a gendered vocational education and training system. The dependent variable is the occupational status at the age of 30 measured by the International Socio-Economic Index of Occupational Status. The independent variables are the socio-economic background information and the NEET patterns or respectively the cumulative NEET length. Germany constitutes an interesting case when looking at the longitudinal patterns of youths who experience NEET periods, for several reasons. In international comparison, the connection between education system and the labour market in Germany is quite structured.

Das deutsche Modell der dualen Ausbildung gewährleistet nach wie vor für viele Absolvent*innen einen erfolgreichen Erwerbseinstieg. Der Erwerb von Qualifikationen bekommt mehr Bedeutung im Vergleich zur Bindung an den Ausbildungsbetrieb. Erwerbseinstiege sind heutzutage stärker durch Teilzeit und Diskontinuität gekennzeichnet.

"The aim of this article is to critically assess the concept of transitional labour markets (TLM) and its scientific importance. It seeks to provide a stock-taking of the methodological tools and discuss future theoretical and methodological perspectives. Since the TLM concept is by definition interdisciplinary and multi-methodological in nature, we need to ask about the extent to which this kind of openness is appropriate. The methodological review will go beyond the traditional schism of qualitative vs. quantitative research by including additional dimensions such as exploration, causal modelling, and questions regarding research design and data quality. The sources supporting this 'TLM inventory' are the essential publications (books, working papers, and journal articles) of the two major research projects explicitly based on the TLM approach: TRANSLAM and TLM.NET. The paper concludes with a number of suggestions how to enhance the TLM concept in theoretical and methodological terms." (author's abstract)

"Transitional labour markets (TLMs) aim at fostering individual employability over a person's life course under the conditions of flexible labour markets. For TLM policies it is therefore necessary to focus not on single transitions or points of time but on transitional periods. Such a period can contain more than one single transition and add up to an overall sequence type. In particular, the process of labour market entry is characterised by considerable insecurity and varies in duration across individual. From a European perspective, it seems inappropriate to focus on the national level. European policies for tackling youth unemployment should be complementary to certain types of transitional sequences rather than focus on a particular institutional setting. In the paper I examine sequences of school-to-work transitions in ten European countries by using explorative methods of optimal matching and cluster analysis. The process of labour market entry is observed for the five years following departure from school by examining monthly labour market statuses. The sequences are classified by similarity, and certain sequence types along with their distribution are described. The resulting picture shows strong variation across countries, which can only partly be captured by classic typologies of school-to-work transition regimes. Apart from that, the quality of the coordination process between the educational system and the labour market can be assessed by taking into account indicators derived from the TLM concept, namely, volatility, integrative capability and the degree of risk." (author's abstract)

During the economic crises in the years following 2008, policymakers of various governments regularly hit the alarm bells about the dire situation of marginalized youth in various European countries. Early-career inactivity turns Not in Education, Employment, or Training (NEETs) into the most likely candidates for long-term socioeconomic marginalization, criminal careers, and grave mental and physical health problems. Japanese NEET who have completely retreated from society, are from different social backgrounds and face different circumstances from German immigrant children who have trouble finding a job, who in turn differ from Dutch low-ability adolescents who fail to graduate from vocational education. Since the 1990s, various alternative concepts emerged in labour market research as well as among policymakers.

This chapter discusses the types of policy initiatives which have been introduced to address concerns over the ongoing 'problem' of not in education, employment, or training (NEETs) young people. Early intervention policies have been introduced in many countries in an attempt to provide early identification of young people who may be at risk of becoming NEET or dropping out of education. Approaches for identifying those at risk of becoming NEET are therefore focused on whether young people will remain in education, employment, or training following the completion of compulsory education. Reintegration strategy at the level of the individual should involve having systems which identify young people who become NEET and support them to achieve positive outcomes in terms of re-engagement.

The education system is one of the crucial institutional arrangements that shape young people's school-to-work transition. This chapter explores to what extent different aspects of education systems across countries are associated with the likelihood to become long-term NEET. The way the vocational education and training is organised differs across countries. The way education systems are providing vocational education and training depends on the combination of school- and work-based education. The chapter suggests a significant interaction with gender; women living in countries with highly stratified education systems are more likely to become long-term NEET compared to males living in countries with highly stratified education systems.