Suchergebnisse

Turkey; social policy and state; history; 20th century

ABSTRACTThis article approaches social policy as an integral component of a capitalist society and, by drawing on the notion of the double movement introduced by Karl Polanyi, argues that social policy intervention both limits and contributes to market expansion. While this argument could be generally applied to recent social policy changes in the current context of economic globalization, these changes were shaped against different histories of social policy development in early and late industrializing countries. This article examines the increasing importance of social policy in late industrializing countries by focusing on the case of Turkey. It is argued that social policy transformation in Turkey has involved the expansion of social security coverage along with the privatization and marketization of health and pension systems. A new system of labour market regulation has contributed to the commodification of labour while the 'state‐supported familialism', which forms an important aspect of current trends in the area of social care, has served to integrate women in the prevailing flexible employment relations by simultaneously sustaining their position in the gender division of roles within traditional family relations. The populist strategy of polarization pursued by the ruling government is discussed to show how opposition to these trends toward privatization, marketization and labour commodification has been isolated.

Anhand der Arbeiter-Union "Hak-Is" und der Vereinigung unabhängiger Industrieller und Businessmen "MÜSIAD" zeichnet die Autorin den Zuwachs des politischen Islam in der Türkei nach. Beide richten sich gegen die vom Staat getragene Modernisierungskampagne und gegen freie Marktwirtschaft, unterscheiden sich jedoch hinsichtlich ihrer sozialen Modelle. Während "MÜSIAD" um wirtschaftliche Beziehungen mit anderen islamischen Ländern und mit Asien bemüht ist, orientiert sich "Hak-Is", ohne ihre islamische Identität einzubüßen, primär an modernen Gewerkschaften, wie sie im Westen entstanden sind. Die Mitgliedschaft der Türkei in der EU wird von "Hak-Is" favorisiert. (DÜI-Mjr)

This article presents a comparative analysis of the social role of two voluntary associations of Turkish businessmen: TUSIAD (The Association of Turkish Industrialists and Businessmen) and MUSIAD (The Association of Independent Industrialists and Businessmen). These associations are approached both as mechanisms of interest representation and as agents of two different class strategies. Hence, the article highlights two types of organizational activities that accompany interest articulation and representation: first, the activities which seek to bind the "bearers of interest" or "members of class" into coherent communities, and second, those aimed at the promotion of particular macro-level social projects.

This paper discusses the role played by the extensive, nation-wide network of sales agents organized by the leading Turkish manufacturer of consumer durables, Arçelik, in the formation of mass consumption markets in the post-Second World War era. The case study attempts to draw attention to a relatively less explored dimension of the industrialization experience of developing countries by shifting the usual emphasis on the structure of production toward the organization of consumption. This shift of emphasis serves to highlight certain society-specific mechanisms of market formation which compensate the limitations of the market-forming role of the state in the context of twentieth-century late industrialization.