Suchergebnisse

The industrialized world is facing an ageing population. Sociology needs to focus on the social impact of demographic change, in particular, how seniors remain socially integrated and what this integration means. Gerontological research has focused on the role of seniors' centres in the US and Europe, but such research has been lacking in Australia. This article provides much-needed ethnographic research on a range of Australian seniors' groups which provide outlets for social participation. It develops a typology of seniors' groups through an exploration of organizational structures, funding models, and their impact on participation and sociality. It argues that because Australian groups prioritize leisure over service delivery, uneven divisions of volunteer labour emerge, which can lead to conflict. The article questions the current gerontological consensus that seniors' groups are sites of community, arguing that physical proximity does not equal intimate sociality. It addresses these challenges faced by seniors' groups and new ones posed by the mass-retirement of more 'active' baby-boomers.

This book reframes British First World War literature within Britain's history as an imperial nation. Rereading canonical war writers Siegfried Sassoon and Edmund Blunden, alongside war writing by Enid Bagnold, E. M. Forster, Mulk Raj Anand, Roly Grimshaw and others, the book makes clear that the Great War was more than a European war.

Background: During infectious epidemics, healthcare workers are required to deliver traditional care while facing new pressures. Time and resource restrictions, a focus on saving lives and new safety measures can lead to traditional aspects of care delivery being neglected. Aim: Identify barriers to delivering end-of-life care, describe attempts to deliver care during the COVID-19 pandemic, and understand the impact this had on staff. Design: A rapid appraisal was conducted incorporating a rapid review of policies from the United Kingdom, semi-structured telephone interviews with healthcare workers, and a review of mass print media news stories and social media posts describing healthcare worker's experiences of delivering care during the pandemic. Data were coded and analysed using framework analysis. Setting/Participants: From a larger ongoing study, 22 interviews which mentioned death or caring for patients at end-of-life, eight government and National Health Service policies affecting end-of-life care delivery, eight international news media stories and 3440 publicly available social media posts were identified. The social media analysis centred around 274 original tweets with the highest reach, engagement and relevance. Incorporating multiple workstreams provided a broad perspective of end-of-life care during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom. Results: Three themes were developed: (1) restrictions to traditional care, (2) striving for new forms of care and (3) establishing identity and resilience. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic prohibited the delivery of traditional care as practical barriers restricted human connections. Staff prioritised communication and comfort orientated tasks to re-establish compassion at end-of-life and displayed resilience by adjusting their goals.

People living a subsistence lifestyle in the Arctic are highly exposed to persistent organic pollutants, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Formerly Used Defense (FUD) sites are point sources of PCB pollution; the Arctic contains thousands of FUD sites, many co-located with indigenous villages. We investigated PCB profiles and biological effects in freshwater fish (Alaska blackfish [Dallia pectoralis] and ninespine stickleback [Pungitius pungitius]) living upstream and downstream of the Northeast Cape FUD site on St. Lawrence Island in the Bering Sea. Despite extensive site remediation, fish remained contaminated with PCBs. Vitellogenin concentrations in males indicated exposure to estrogenic contaminants, and some fish were hypothyroid. Downstream fish showed altered DNA methylation in gonads and altered gene expression related to DNA replication, response to DNA damage, and cell signaling. This study demonstrates that, even after site remediation, contaminants from Cold War FUD sites in remote regions of the Arctic remain a potential health threat to local residents – in this case, Yupik people who had no influence over site selection and use by the United States military.

BACKGROUND: Ecological models are currently the most used approaches to classify and conceptualise determinants of sedentary behaviour, but these approaches are limited in their ability to capture the complexity of and interplay between determinants. The aim of the project described here was to develop a transdisciplinary dynamic framework, grounded in a system-based approach, for research on determinants of sedentary behaviour across the life span and intervention and policy planning and evaluation. METHODS: A comprehensive concept mapping approach was used to develop the Systems Of Sedentary behaviours (SOS) framework, involving four main phases: (1) preparation, (2) generation of statements, (3) structuring (sorting and ranking), and (4) analysis and interpretation. The first two phases were undertaken between December 2013 and February 2015 by the DEDIPAC KH team (DEterminants of DIet and Physical Activity Knowledge Hub). The last two phases were completed during a two-day consensus meeting in June 2015. RESULTS: During the first phase, 550 factors regarding sedentary behaviour were listed across three age groups (i.e., youths, adults and older adults), which were reduced to a final list of 190 life course factors in phase 2 used during the consensus meeting. In total, 69 international delegates, seven invited experts and one concept mapping consultant attended the consensus meeting. The final framework obtained during that meeting consisted of six clusters of determinants: Physical Health and Wellbeing (71% consensus), Social and Cultural Context (59% consensus), Built and Natural Environment (65% consensus), Psychology and Behaviour (80% consensus), Politics and Economics (78% consensus), and Institutional and Home Settings (78% consensus). Conducting studies on Institutional Settings was ranked as the first research priority. The view that this framework captures a system-based map of determinants of sedentary behaviour was expressed by 89% of the participants. CONCLUSION: Through an international transdisciplinary consensus process, the SOS framework was developed for the determinants of sedentary behaviour through the life course. Investigating the influence of Institutional and Home Settings was deemed to be the most important area of research to focus on at present and potentially the most modifiable. The SOS framework can be used as an important tool to prioritise future research and to develop policies to reduce sedentary time.

1. Letter discussing proposed appointment of Sinclair A. Wilson's brother, Charles Wilson, to the Advisory Research Council's recreation and wildlife committees; 2. Correspondence discussing Curry County Planning Commission's proposed bill and creation of committee to study Curry County land use; 3. Correspondence discussing proposed forest and rural zoning law bills; 4. Letter discussing Special Advisory Committee for Curry County Land Use Study; 5. Letter discussing proposed appointment of Charles Wilson to the Advisory Research Council's recreation and wildlife committees; 6. Correspondence discussing maps of bird refuges; 7. Letter and program discussing Commonwealth Conference at the University of Oregon; 8. Correspondence discussing proposed appointment of Charles Wilson to the Advisory Research Council's recreation and wildlife committees; 9. Correspondence and petition to prohibit Rogue River pollution from placer mining; 10. Brief letter acknowledging correspondence sent by William Finley; 11. Letter discussing petition to prohibit Rogue River pollution from placer mining; 12. Correspondence calling for Advisory Committee on Rural Land Zoning meeting; 13. Letter discussing Urban Land Utilization Committee and report, "A master plan for Portland"; 14. Letter discussing formation and responsibilities of committee on securing recreational areas; 15. "Preliminary table of contents for drainage basin reports for each major drainage basin"; 16. Correspondence discussing zoning laws regarding rural land uses; 17. Letter discussing responsibilities of Sinclair A. Wilson following Rural Zoning Committee meeting; 18. Letter discussing copy of "The annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science" received by the Rural Land Zoning Committee; 19. Letter discussing project to study land owned by Douglas County for possible recreational use; 20. Letter and lists discussing work being completed by the Oregon State Planning Board; 21. Correspondence and excerpts from conference proceedings discussing zoning laws in different states; 22. Letter discussing Douglas County Planning Commission meetings and plans, including a proposed public campground; 23. Letter discussing Oregon State Planning Board meeting; 24. Letter discussing National Resources Committee study of drainage basins; 25. Correspondence and copies of bills passed by Washington legislature discussing forestry, duties of commissions, and acquisition of land; 26. Agenda for meeting of Advisory Committee on Water Resources with S. B. Morris, Regional Water Consultant; 27. List of Oregon's major drainage basins; 28. Correspondence and minutes for Rural Land Zoning Committee; 29. Letter discussing "Stream improvement in national forests" report; 30. Report focusing on the status of Oregon forests, including natural and man-made dangers and recommendations for future conservation; 31. Letter requesting information about Advisory Committee on Wild Life; 32. Correspondence discussing letters of appointment to the Advisory Committee on Wild Life