Suchergebnisse

In Spain reforms to university educational policy have been made in order to adapt to the European Higher Education Area (EHEA). Therefore, the objective of this study was to find out the level of satisfaction of Arts and Humanities university teaching staff towards the implementation of the EHEA. It is a population-based, descriptive study using a cross-sectional survey with a probability sample. The sample consisted of 1605 Spanish teachers of Arts and Humanities from public universities (with an average age of 48 years, of which 52 % were women and 48 % men). They were applied an ad hoc survey (α = 0.82) consisting of questions (grouped into eight sections) about the degree of satisfaction towards different aspects of the EHEA. In the results can be observed that teachers are not completely satisfied with the way in which educational institutions have adapted university education to the EHEA and they have identified certain needs that limit the quality of Arts and Humanities teaching. In conclusion, the most of teachers thought that the implementation of the EHEA could be improved, although a small percentage believed that it had not been implemented correctly. ; En España se han hecho reformas en la política educativa universitaria con el objetivo de adaptarse al Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (EEES). Por ello, la finalidad del estudio fue conocer la satisfacción del profesorado universitario de Artes y Humanidades hacia la implantación del EEES. Es un estudio descriptivo de poblaciones mediante encuesta con muestreo probabilístico, tipo transversal. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 1605 profesores españoles de Artes y Humanidades de universidades públicas (con una edad media de 48 años, de los cuales 52 % eran mujeres y 48 % hombres). Se les aplicó una encuesta elaborada ad hoc (α = 0.82) formada por preguntas (agrupadas en ocho secciones) sobre el grado de satisfacción hacia diferentes aspectos del EEES. En los resultados se puede observar que los profesores no están completamente satisfechos con el modo en que las instituciones educativas han adaptado las enseñanzas universitarias al EEES y han detectado necesidades que limitan la calidad de las enseñanzas de Artes y Humanidades. En conclusión, la mayoría de los profesores creen que la aplicación del EEES se podría mejorar, aunque un pequeño porcentaje informan que no se ha aplicado correctamente. ; This work was supported by the Dirección General de Política Universitaria, Ministerio de Educación, Government of Spain, under Grant EA2011-0048.

This is the first study to analyze variations in time estimation during 60 h of sleep deprivation and the relation between time estimation performance and the activation measures of skin resistance level, body temperature, and Stanford Sleepiness Scale (SSS) scores. Among 30 healthy participants 18 to 24 years of age, for a 10-s interval using the production method, we found a lengthening in time estimations that was modulated by circadian oscillations. No differences in gender were found in the time estimation task during sleep deprivation. The variations in time estimation correlated significantly with body temperature, skin resistance level, and SSS throughout the sleep deprivation period. When body temperature is elevated, indicating a high level of activation, the interval tends to be underestimated, and vice versa. When the skin resistance level or SSS is elevated (low activation), time estimation is lengthened, and vice versa. This lengthening is important because many everyday situations involve duration estimation under moderate to severe sleep loss. Actual or potential applications of this research include transportation systems, emergency response work, sporting activities, and industrial settings in which accuracy in anticipation or coincidence timing is important for safety or efficiency.

La creación del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (EEES) es uno de los objetivos más ambiciosos establecidos por la Unión Europea para conseguir la convergencia en materia de Educación Superior en los 45 países miembros. Dentro del EEES se da especial importancia a los estudios de doctorado, como base de la formación académica y de la investigación. Por ello, el objetivo de este trabajo es realizar un análisis comparativo de los estudios de doctorado en los 45 países miembros del EEES. Los resultados muestran grandes diferencias entre las legislaciones analizadas, lo que dificulta la convergencia en los plazos establecidos. ; The creation of the European Higher Education Area (EHEA) is one of the most ambitious objectives established by the European Union to achieve the convergence in the Higher Education between the 45 countries of the Community in 2010. The doctoral studies are of a great importance for the EHEA as they are the base of the academic formation and the investigation. For this reason, the purpose of the study is to analyze and compare the doctoral studies in 45 countries of the EHEA. The results show great differences between the analyzed legislations which makes the convergence within the established time limit more difficult.

This study was supported by grants FPU16/01093 (Dr Carneiro-Barrera), FPU14/04172 (Dr Amaro-Gahete), and FPU19/01609 (Mr Jurado-Fasoli) from the Spanish Ministry of Education and Vocational Training; grant SOMM17/6107/UGR (via European Regional Development Funds) from the Junta de Andalucia, Consejeria de Conocimiento, Investigacion y Universidades (Dr Ruiz); and funding from the University of GranadaLoMonaco S.L. Sleep Research Cathedra and the University of Granada Plan Propio de Investigacion 2016Excellence Actions: Unit of Excellence on Exercise and Health. ; IMPORTANCE Obesity is the leading cause of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA); however, the effects of weight loss and lifestyle interventions on OSA and comorbidities remain uncertain. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of an interdisciplinary weight loss and lifestyle intervention on OSA and comorbidities among adults with moderate to severe OSA and overweight or obesity. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS The InterdisciplinaryWeight Loss and Lifestyle Intervention for OSA (INTERAPNEA) study was a parallel-group open-label randomized clinical trial conducted at a hospital-based referral center in Granada, Spain, from April 1, 2019, to October 23, 2020. The study enrolled 89 Spanish men aged 18 to 65 years with moderate to severe OSA and a body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) of 25 or greater who were receiving continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy. The sole inclusion of men was based on the higher incidence and prevalence of OSA in this population, the differences in OSA phenotypes between men and women, and the known effectiveness of weight loss interventions among men vs women. INTERVENTIONS Participants were randomized to receive usual care (CPAP therapy) or an 8-week weight loss and lifestyle intervention involving nutritional behavior change, aerobic exercise, sleep hygiene, and alcohol and tobacco cessation combined with usual care. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary end point was the change in the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) from baseline to the intervention end point (8 weeks) and 6 months after intervention. Secondary end points comprised changes in other OSA sleep-related outcomes, body weight and composition, cardiometabolic risk, and health-related quality of life. RESULTS Among 89 men (mean [SD] age, 54.1 [8.0] years; all of Spanish ethnicity; mean [SD] AHI, 41.3 [22.2] events/h), 49 were randomized to the control group and 40 were randomized to the intervention group. The intervention group had a greater decrease in AHI (51% reduction; change, –21.2 events/h; 95%CI, –25.4 to –16.9 events/h) than the control group (change, 2.5 events/h; 95% CI, –2.0 to 6.9 events/h) at the intervention end point, with a mean between-group difference of –23.6 events/h (95%CI, –28.7 to –18.5 events/h). At 6 months after intervention, the reduction in AHI was 57%in the intervention group, with a mean between-group difference of –23.8 events/h (95% CI, –28.3 to –19.3 events/h). In the intervention group, 18 of 40 participants (45.0%) no longer required CPAP therapy at the intervention end point, and 6 of 40 participants (15.0%) attained complete OSA remission. At 6 months after intervention, 21 of 34 participants (61.8%) no longer required CPAP therapy, and complete remission of OSA was attained by 10 of 34 participants (29.4%). In the intervention vs control group, greater improvements in body weight (change, –7.1 kg [95%CI, −8.6 to −5.5 kg] vs −0.3 kg [95%CI, −1.9 to 1.4 kg]) and composition (eg, change in fat mass, −2.9 kg [95%CI, −4.5 to −1.3 kg] vs 1.4 kg [95%CI, −0.3 to 3.1 kg]), cardiometabolic risk (eg, change in blood pressure, −6.5mmHg [95%CI, −10.3 to −2.6mmHg] vs 2.2mmHg [95%CI, −2.1 to 6.6mm Hg]), and health-related quality of life (eg, change in Sleep Apnea Quality of Life Index, 0.8 points [95%CI, 0.5-1.1 points] vs 0.1 points [95%CI, −0.3 to 0.4 points]) were also found at the intervention end point. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this study, an interdisciplinary weight loss and lifestyle intervention involving Spanish men with moderate to severe OSA and had overweight or obesity and were receiving CPAP therapy resulted in clinically meaningful and sustainable improvements in OSA severity and comorbidities as well as health-related quality of life. This approach may therefore be considered as a central strategy to address the substantial impact of this increasingly common sleepdisordered breathing condition. ; Spanish Government FPU16/01093 FPU14/04172 FPU19/01609 ; Junta de Andalucia SOMM17/6107/UGR ; University of GranadaLoMonaco S.L. Sleep Research Cathedra ; University of Granada Plan Propio de Investigacion 2016Excellence Actions: Unit of Excellence on Exercise and Health