Suchergebnisse

Abstract
By means of an auto-ethnography, I problematize the category of 'noise' in the context of Iztapalapa, a stigmatized borough of Mexico City. Informed by the interdisciplinary fields of sound studies, aural studies and urbanism, I propose a comparison of two sound maps: the 'First Map of Noise for the Metropolitan Area of Mexico's Valley' and 'Mexico's Sound Map'. I argue that the creation of both maps is a symbolic instrument that assists processes of social classification. I historicize the concepts of 'noise' and 'soundscape' and analyse their uses in official discourses. Paying attention to the concept of 'sonic heritage', I discuss the role of official institutions in educating and managing forms of aurality. My investigation is informed by the concept 'division of aural labour' to explain asymmetries between people's urban, aural experiences. I conclude that these two maps add to the social stigma that burdens certain areas historically marginalized by the model of urban segregation.

<span style="color: #111111; font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; background-color: #fffacd;">O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi o de "Investigar os processos de reificação e superação no desenvolvimento da tecnologia educacional na escola de Ensino Fundamental" e o problema de pesquisa: Como a escola de Ensino Fundamental, através do trabalho dos educadores com a tecnologia educacional, no uso dos computadores, pode evidenciar processos de reificação e caminhos à superação da lógica de produção capitalista? Focamos o estudo da reificação e superação a partir da perspectiva em Marx e Lukács, passando por outros autores que estudaram a reificação. Utilizamos pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e de campo com base no método dialético de análise. A amostra da pesquisa contou com o cômputo de treze escolas públicas de Ensino Fundamental pesquisadas, dispostas em nove Núcleos Regionais de Educação na cidade de Curitiba, de modo que contemplasse uma realidade escolar por região na cidade, envolvendo quinze professores entrevistados na totalidade. Focamos esse estudo no trabalho com a Informática na escola, como uma ramificação da discussão da tecnologia educacional, por apresentar as características singulares e similares do estudo da mercadoria na perspectiva da teoria crítica marxista. Apontamos a seguinte tese: "a escola de Ensino Fundamental, em face do trabalho com tecnologia educacional reproduz o modo de produção capitalista, através do processo de reificação representado na forma de mercadoria, uso dos computadores no ensino, mas pode revelar caminhos à superação da lógica capitalista" e respondemos ao problema de pesquisa a partir do caminho proposto com base na pesquisa de abordagem dialética.</span>

For the past half a century, Latin American scholars have been pointing toward the emergence of new social actors as agents of social and political democratization. The first wave of actors was characterized by the emergence of novel agents—mainly, new popular movements—of social transformation. At first, the second wave, epitomized by nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), was celebrated as the upsurge of a new civil society, but later on, it was the target of harsh criticism. The literature often portrays this development in Latin American civil society as a displacement trend of actors of the first wave by the second wave—"NGOization"—and even denounces new civil society as rootless, depoliticized, and functional to retrenchment. Thus, supposedly, NGOization encumbers social change. The authors argue that NGOization diagnosis is a flawed depiction of change within civil society. Rather than NGOization related to the depoliticization and neoliberalization of civil society, in Mexico City and São Paulo, there has been modernization of organizational ecologies, changes in the functional status of civil society, and interestingly, specialization aimed at shaping public agenda. The authors argue that such specialization, instead of encumbering social change, brings about different repertoires of strategies and skills purposively developed for influencing policy and politics. Their argument relies on comparative systematic evidence. Through network analysis, they examine the organizational ecology of civil society in Mexico City and São Paulo.