Suchergebnisse

Im Rahmen der Maßnahmen zur Eindämmung der Covid-19- Pandemie sind die Bürgerinnen und Bürger in Deutschland und vielen anderen Ländern dazu angehalten (gewesen), weitestgehend in ihren Privatwohnungen zu bleiben. Wurde der Wert des Privaten in der liberalen Tradition gerade im Rückzug von und als Schutz vor der politischen Öffentlichkeit sowie administrativen Eingriffen gesehen, wird das Private damit nun unmittelbar politischen Anforderungen unterworfen. Indem die Kontrolle über die Gewährung und Verwehrung des Zugangs zum Privaten eingeschränkt worden ist und keinen frei gewählten Rückzugsort mehr darstellt, verändert sich auch die Wahrnehmung lokaler Privatheit. Dabei stellt sich die Frage, ob die lokale Privatheit ihren Wert verliert und hier bereits von einer "Kolonialisierung" der lokalen Privatheit gesprochen werden muss. Vor diesem Hintergrund soll ausgehend von feministischer Kritik liberaler Verständnisse lokaler Privatheit argumentiert werden, dass die These der strikten Trennung von Öffentlichkeit und Privatheit empirisch unzutreffend und normativ unangemessen ist. Davon ausgehend können Legitimitätsbedingungen öffentlichen Eingreifens in die lokale Privatheit entwickelt und die pandemiebedingten Maßnahmen hinsichtlich ihrer Legitimität überprüft werden. Dabei wird argumentiert, dass sich hierbei zwar nur eingeschränkt von einer Kolonialisierung sprechen lässt, sich die Wahrnehmung der lokalen Privatheit im Zuge der Ausgangs- und Kontaktbeschränkungen jedoch zu Lasten ihres Wertes verändert hat. ; As part of the measures to contain the Covid-19 pandemic, citizens in Germany and many other countries are or have been encouraged to stay in their private homes. Whereas the value of privacy in the liberal tradition was seen precisely in the withdrawal and protection from the political public and administrative intervention, it is now directly subject to political demands. As the control over granting and denying access to the private sphere has been restricted and no longer represents a freely chosen place of retreat, the perception of local privacy is also changing. This raises the question of whether the local private sphere is losing its value and whether we can already speak of a "colonization" of local private sphere. Against this background, it will be argued, based on feminist criticism of liberal understandings of local privacy, that the thesis of a strict separation of public and private sphere is empirically incorrect and normatively inadequate. On this basis, the conditions of legitimacy of public intervention in local privacy can be developed and the legitimacy of pandemic-related measures can be examined. It is argued that although it is only possible to speak of colonization to a limited extent, the perception of local privacy has changed in the course of the restrictions to the detriment of its value. ; (VLID)5810431

AbstractMonitoring and assistive technologies (MATs) are being used more frequently in healthcare. A central ethical concern is the compatibility of these systems with the moral preferences of their users—an issue especially relevant to participatory approaches within the ethics-by-design debate. However, users' incapacity to communicate preferences or to participate in design processes, e.g., due to dementia, presents a hurdle for participatory ethics-by-design approaches. In this paper, we explore the question of how the value preferences of users in the field of dementia care can be integrated into AI-based MATs. First, we briefly introduce different ethics-by-design approaches and explain the challenges they face in dementia care. Next, we introduce a novel approach for addressing these challenges. Through a qualitative content analysis of interviews with persons with dementia and their family caregivers (n = 27), we identified multiple ideal–typical value preference profiles. We then applied these profiles in a computer simulation, by which we also introduce the concept of ethical compliance quantification to scale the moral preferences of the interviewees for the simulation. Finally, we discuss study results, the advantages of using computer simulations, and general study limitations before drawing conclusions for further research. The study contributes to the ongoing debate on participatory ethics-by-design by defining on the basis of empirical data ideal–typical value preference frameworks that can be used to guide MAT actions and their outcomes. Going forward, MAT end-users with dementia and other communication-impaired persons could be enabled to choose a value profile that best fits their moral preferences.

"To protect people with dementia (PwD) from harm, smart technologies are developed to monitor their everyday life and activities and to intervene if necessary. For example, such technologies comprise wearables or video sensors that rely on human-machine interaction. In the ethical and political debate, such monitoring devices are usually discussed under the aspect of privacy. Generally, privacy is understood as a right that entails an active and deliberate control over one's own decisional, informational and topological concerns. In short, the right to privacy is closely connected to personal autonomy. However, this conception raises problems when applied to PwD. Due to cognitive decline, they lose the ability to actively control their own concerns so that it might seem as though they also forfeit their right to privacy. Yet, this contradicts common moral intuitions as well as empirical studies which suggest that PwD value privacy as an important part of their quality of life (Dichter 2016). Against this backdrop, our contribution explores the "value of privacy" (Rössler 2001) in the context of smart dementia care. First, we determine the limits of common understandings of privacy when applied to PwD. Starting from empirical studies on the subjective experience of PwD, we then discuss how the moral significance of privacy can be spelled out without tying it explicitly and exclusively to autonomy. On this basis, we discuss preconditions of privacy for PwD in smart dementia care settings, formulating recommendations for future technology development and smart dementia care. "