In this article, the authors present their views on the main issues, objectives and measures in the EU energy policy in the context of increasing relative energy scarcity and sustainable development. Aims of sustainable access to energy seem to focus on increased access to fossil fuels, which may trade-off with the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and hamper the development of renewable energy resources.
Cognitive, emotional and socio-behavioral reactions to uncontrollability -- From coping to helplessness : effects of control deprivation on cognitive and affective -- Processes / Marcin Bukowski and Miroslaw Kofta -- The motivation for control : loss of control promotes energy, effort, and action / atharine H. Greenaway, Michael C. Philipp and Katherine R. Storrs -- "Ironic" effects of need for closure on closed-minded processing mode : the role of -- Perceived control over reducing uncertainty / Magorzata Kossowska, Marcin Bukowski and Sindhuja Sankaran -- Uncontrollability in the classroom : the intellectual helplessness perspective / Klara Rydzewska, Marzena Rusanowska, Izabela Krejtz and Grzegorz Sedek -- Socially grounded responses to perceived lack of control : from compensation to active coping -- Compensatory control theory and the psychological importance of perceiving order / Bastiaan T. Rutjens and Aaron C. Kay -- Perceived uncontrollability as a coping resource : the control-serving function of enemies and uncertainty / Daniel Sullivan and Sheridan A. Stewart -- Giving in and giving up : accommodation and fatalistic withdrawal as alternatives to primary control restoration / Joseph Hayes, Mike Prentice and Ian McGregor -- Extending control perceptions to the social self : ingroups serve the restoration of control / Janine Stollberg, Immo Fritsche, Markus Barth and Philipp Jugert -- Coping with identity threats to group agency as well as group value : explicit and implicit routes to resistance / Soledad de Lemus, Russell Spears, Jolien van Breen and Malka Telga -- Uncontrollability, powerlessness and intergroup cognition -- Thinking up and talking up : restoring control through mindreading / Susan T. Fiske, Dan L. Ames, Jillian K. Swencionis and Cydney H. Dupree -- Accentuation of tending and befriending among the powerless / Ana Guinote and Joris Lammers -- The emotional side of power(lessness) / Katerina Petkanopoulou, Guillermo B. Willis and Rosa Rodr¡guez-Bailcentn -- Uncontrollability, reactance, and power : power as a resource to regain control after freedom threats / Christina Steindl, Eva Jonas and Sandra Sittenthaler
We examined the influence of exposure to traditional gender roles on the activation of gender stereotypes in Spanish women. An associative procedure was used to expose participants to stereotypical vs. counterstereotypical gender roles, and a word categorization task with stereotypically feminine communal/warmth and stereotypically masculine agentic/competence trait words measured participants' automatic responses. Results show that women exposed to traditional roles reverse the activation of gender stereotypes. That is, they activated competence/agency faster for female primes and warmth/communion faster for male primes in a subsequent task. The implicit stereotype reversal was predicted by participants' endorsement of positive attitudes toward affirmative action policies. The results are discussed in terms of the motivational influence of perceived discrimination in intergroup relations.