Suchergebnisse

A number of studies have examined in the laboratory the effects of an individual's eye-gaze upon the behavior of another. In this study the effects of gaze were investigated in a real-life setting in which a collector of money for a charity either looked a possible donor in the eye when asking for money or looked at the collecting tin. Significantly more money was donated in the former condition. While neither the style of dress of the collector nor the locality in which the collections were made had an overall effect, significant interactive effects were noted for gaze and style of dress, for style of dress and locality, and for gaze and locality. Gaze was a more potent factor when the collector was dressed casually than smartly, and when the collections were made in high-rise flats as opposed to terraced houses.

The psychology of suspects' decision making during interrogation / Michel St-Yves and Nadine Deslauriers-Varin -- A typology of denial strategies by suspects in criminal investigations / Stephen Moston and Geoffrey M. Stephenson -- A structured model for investigative interviewing of suspects / Jannie van der Sleen -- Finding false confessions / Peter J. van Koppen -- The investigation of terrorist offences in the United Kingdom : the context and climate for interviewing officers / John Pearse -- From criminal justice to control process : interrogation in a changing context / David Dixon -- Major Crime (Investigative Powers) Act 2004 : the chief examiner and coercive powers / Damien B. Maguire -- The relation between consistency and accuracy of eyewitness testimony : legal versus cognitive explanations / Ronald P. Fisher, Neil Brewer, and Gregory Mitchell -- The cognitive interview : research and practice across the lifespan / Robyn E. Holliday ... [et al.] -- Investigative interviewing in the courtroom : child witnesses under cross-examination / Rachel Zajac -- Recovered memories / James Ost -- Obtaining and interpreting eyewitness identification test evidence : the influence of police-witness interactions / Neil Brewer and Gary L. Wells -- Recent developments in eyewitness identification procedures in the United Kingdom / Tim Valentine, Carwyn Hughes and Rod Munro -- A method to enhance person description : a field study / Samuel Demarchi and Jacques Py -- Recent developments in North American identification science and practice / Steven D. Penrod and Margaret Bull Kovera -- Truthfulness in witnesses' and suspects' reports / A. Daniel Yarmey -- Evaluating truthfulness : detecting truths and lies in forensic contexts / Barry S. Cooper, Hugues Hervé, and John C. Yuille

Underpinnings. Developmental underpinnings of children's testimony / Karen J. Saywitz -- Cognitive underpinnings of children's testimony / Lynne Baker-Ward & Peter A. Ornstein -- Child protection concerns when questioning children / Marcus Page & Gretchen Precey -- Memory and interviewing. The development of autobiographical memory / Robyn Fivush -- Children's memories for repeated events / Martine Powell & Don Thomson -- Children's source monitoring / D. Stephen Lindsay -- The construction of false events in memory / Kathy Pezdek & Tiffany Hinz -- Children's suggestibility research: implications for the courtroom and the forensic interview / Stephen J. Ceci [and others] -- The effects of forensic interview practices on the quality of information provided by alleged victims of child abuse / Michael E. Lamb [and others] -- How and why do children respond to nonsensical questions? / Amanda Waterman, Mark Blades & Christopher Spencer -- Enhancing children's accounts: how useful are non-verbal techniques? / Margaret-Ellen Pipe, Karen Salmon & Gina K. Priestley -- Deception in children: a literature review and implications for children's testimony / Aldert Vrij -- Court issues. Innovative procedures for child witnesses / Judy Cashmore -- New measures and new challenges: children's experiences of the court process / Amanda Wade -- A German perspective on children's testimony / Günter Köhnken -- Child witnesses and the oath / Thomas D. Lyon -- Child witnesses' experiences post-court: effects of legal involvement / Robin S. Edelstein [and others] -- Persuading and controlling: the theory of cross-examination in relation to children / Emily Henderson -- What do judges know about young witnesses? / Joyce Plotnikoff & Richard Woolfson -- Young witnesses: still no justice / Barbara Esam -- Alternative perspectives on children's testimony. Methodological issues in the study of children's testimony / Brian R. Clifford -- A sociological approach to child witness research / Corinne Wattam -- Remembering the point: a feminist perspective on children's evidence / Liz Kelly.

Abstract
The objective of witness investigative interviews is to collect reliable and relevant information. This review aims to document what constitutes relevant information, as well as the techniques that researchers have built or still need to build to reliably collect this information. Researchers and practitioners agree on the 'investigation-relevant information' to be collected, which represents around 80% of the content of the investigative interviews (i.e. actions, persons, objects, contextual details, sounds/conversations, and gist information). Many techniques have been developed by researchers to reliably collect most of them. Another content of the interview has largely been neglected in research studies: information pertaining to the interviewee, which represents around 20% of the content of the interviews. We identified six sub-categories: witness characteristics, meta-cognition, viewing conditions, witness' role, witness' state, and general knowledge. Several existing techniques could be useful to reliably collect this information but more research is needed. Implications for improving interviewing guidance will be discussed.

Abstract In England and Wales, the 'war on terror' has been argued to impact adversely on existing race relations policies. New legislation (such as wide discretionary powers of stop and search and arrest under the Terrorism Act (TA) 2000, the extension of pre-charge detention of 28 days (TA 2006), and the use of control orders to detain without trial), policing, and counter-terrorism measures may cast Muslims, as the 'enemy within'. The current research concerns real-life Asian Muslim suspects' perceptions and experiences of police interviewing practices in England. This study involves semi-structured interviews with twenty-two people who had previously been interviewed as suspects throughout England. Around two-thirds of participants reported perceiving the demonstration of various stereotyping by police officers during interviews, half of whom indicated that the interviewers demonstrated racial/religious stereotypes via discriminatory behaviour. Given the potential and serious consequences of such racial/religious stereotypes and discriminatory behavior, further training of police officers seems necessary to improve both interviewing performance and community cohesion.