Suchergebnisse

Article 6.2 of the Paris Agreement allows Parties to implement cooperative approaches. This paper explores possible uses of Article 6.2 by Germany participating as an acquiring Party in such cooperative approaches in order to raise climate ambition. It first identifies the key principles that should guide the use of cooperative approaches and outlines the basic understanding that shows why Article 6.2 should be considered an open framework that allows for multiple uses for acquiring Parties beyond the attainment of nationally determined contributions (NDCs). The paper explores alternative ways for Germany to engage in cooperative approaches and identifies different options to use Art. 6.2 for compliance as well as voluntary purposes. It finds that using Article 6.2 for compliance purposes is fraught with challenges for Germany, as there is a risk that in the course of the political debate on forms of use, this could have a negative impact on the national ambition level. Also, reporting on the use of Article 6.2 for compliance purposes other than NDC implementation under the Framework Convention on Climate Change is fraught with challenges and could lead to reduced transparency. Using Article 6.2 for voluntary purposes, in turn, may yield strong ambition raising impacts although reporting on these uses could also be challenging. A combination of different use options within one cooperative approach could yield particularly strong ambition raising impacts.

To support the development of CDM Standardized Baselines, the German Environmental Agency commissioned the Wuppertal Institute and GFA Consulting Group in 2012 to investigate implications of Standardised Baselines on least developed countries and their utilization in national MRV systems. A case study was conducted to make the case for the utilization of standardised baselines to promote rural electrification in least developed countries. This study is based on the approved Small Scale Methodology (AMS) I.L 'Electrification of rural communities using renewable energy'. It sketches a possible standardized emission factor for a rural electrification program in Ethiopia. The study is accessible under: Furthermore, the project team conducted a series of qualitative expert interviews focussing on the Guidelines for the development of sector-specific Standardized CDM Baselines.

Standardised Baselines (SBs) shall improve the opportunities for least developed countries and other underrepresented regions to participate in the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). SBs allow for shifting the effort of developing baseline scenarios and additionality testing from the individual project to the sectoral level. This research project followed two separate approaches in order to gather experiences with the development of SBs and to contribute to the advancement of the SB regulatory framework. Under the first approach, an SB for rural electrification in Ethiopia was developed in cooperation with the Ethiopian Designated National Authority, which submitted the SB to the ⁠UNFCCC⁠ Secretariat. In the second part of the project, a scoping study assesses how SBs can be developed to cover complex integrated production processes. The Indonesian cement sector was chosen as case for this study.