RESUMEN- Con base en los apuntes de un viaje de estudio geográfico efectuado en 1967 en el Oeste pampeano bajo la dirección de Romain Gaignard, reflexiones sobre los cambios de una ruralidad específica, vinculada a la economía mundial, y sobre la evolución de los paisajes.
RÉSUMÉ : En un siècle d'existence, la ville et le port de Bahía Blanca, un ensemble tiraillé entre les appartenances pampéenne et maritime, ont connu des phases historiques très contrastées. La mutation actuelle et les traumatismes qu'elle a engendrés conduisent les décideurs et la population à remodeler l'ensemble des représentations symboliques de la communauté et de son espace.
Producción Científica ; «Identity, culture, heritage and territory are convergent concepts in the sense that their essential constitutive attributes make up the network of meanings that sustain the world of objects and actions […]. This convergence should be interpreted in two complementary ways, oriented towards both the past and the future, acting as static references, or as the driving force of a dynamic that assumes the form of an interested transfer or an ever-renewing creation» (Bustos Cara, 2004: 17). As Guy Di Meo said, heritage values are defined like the territory, as «time which makes sense and has meaning as if it were history crystallised into an object, place or event. It has two natures, the material and the ideal. It has a mnemonic function. They insert the social fabric into a historical continuity made up of solid cultural references that generate ideological and political control». «How can we understand territory without assigning a heritage value to it?». «Neither territory nor heritage represent an a priori fact. Yet every object may have a heritage function and every space may be transformed into a territory, if one or the other is integrated in a communicational context» (Di Meo, 1998: 59). The idea of heritage covers a broad and extremely dynamic conceptual field, and this is why it is difficult to establish an institutional management structure that can moderate between conflicts and may keep its dynamic character in check. In this sense, there is a close relation between heritage and territory and between heritage and development, and this relation is always variable in content, depending on the ideological, political, economic or cultural context from which it is analysed. In times of the construction or reconstruction of nation states, or at times when there is a dominantly liberal or neoliberal vision within the globalisation framework, then the processes that lead to heritage status and its institutionalisation have acquired different characteristics and scales. ; This activities are included in the objectives and results of the Research Project CSO2013-47205-P «Culture and heritage as territorial resources: sustainable development strategies and spatial impacts», from the State Programme to Encourage Scientific Technical Research of Excellence, Sub-programme of the Generation of Knowledge from the Ministry of Economy & Competitiveness, co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund. The coordinators are featured as Principal Investigators.
«Identity, culture, heritage and territory are convergent concepts in the sense that their essential constitutive attributes make up the network of meanings that sustain the world of objects and actions […]. This convergence should be interpreted in two complementary ways, oriented towards both the past and the future, acting as static references, or as the driving force of a dynamic that assumes the form of an interested transfer or an ever-renewing creation» (Bustos Cara, 2004: 17). As Guy Di Meo said, heritage values are defined like the territory, as «time which makes sense and has meaning as if it were history crystallised into an object, place or event. It has two natures, the material and the ideal. It has a mnemonic function. They insert the social fabric into a historical continuity made up of solid cultural references that generate ideological and political control». «How can we understand territory without assigning a heritage value to it?». «Neither territory nor heritage represent an a priori fact. Yet every object may have a heritage function and every space may be transformed into a territory, if one or the other is integrated in a communicational context» (Di Meo, 1998: 59). The idea of heritage covers a broad and extremely dynamic conceptual field, and this is why it is difficult to establish an institutional management structure that can moderate between conflicts and may keep its dynamic character in check. In this sense, there is a close relation between heritage and territory and between heritage and development, and this relation is always variable in content, depending on the ideological, political, economic or cultural context from which it is analysed. In times of the construction or reconstruction of nation states, or at times when there is a dominantly liberal or neoliberal vision within the globalisation framework, then the processes that lead to heritage status and its institutionalisation have acquired different characteristics and scales. ; Fil: Bustos Cara, Roberto Nicolas. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Geografía y Turismo; Argentina ; Fil: Pinassi, Andrés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Geografía y Turismo; Argentina
Fue adoptado como el objetivo de investigación comprender cómo se configura el reconocimiento de los territorios naturales bajo la perspectiva del patrimonio internacional, desde la contextualización de presupuestos teóricos y documentales. Se identificaron tres influencias relevantes como resultados, en términos de perspectivas teóricas, a saber: "orden ambiental internacional"; "patrimonialización del territorio" y; "valoración turística". Como presupuestos documentales, se contextualizaron las realidades tanto de la Reserva de la Biosfera Norpatagónica Andina (Argentina) como de la Reserva de la Biosfera Serra do Espinhaço (Brasil), lo que mostró que tales procesos de internacionalización de áreas naturales protegidas son muy fragilizados en cuanto al real involucramiento de la población local para favorecer el debate legítimo sobre cuáles serían las posibilidades de integración del "hombre en la naturaleza" como efectiva estrategia de una ecología política.
It was adopted as the research objective to understand how the recognition of natural territories is configured under the perspective of international heritage, from the contextualization of theoretical and documentary budgets. Three relevant influences were identified as results, in terms of theoretical perspectives, namely: "international environmental order"; "patrimonialization of the territory" and; "tourist valorization". As documentary budgets, the realities of both the Andean Norpatagonic Biosphere Reserve (Argentina) and the Serra do Espinhaço Biosphere Reserve (Brazil) were contextualized, which showed that such internationalization processes of protected natural areas are very fragile as to the real involvement of the local population to favor the legitimate debate on what would be the possibilities of integration of "man in nature" as an effective strategy of a political ecology. ; Fue adoptado como el objetivo de investigación comprender cómo se configura el reconocimiento de los territorios naturales bajo la perspectiva del patrimonio internacional, desde la contextualización de presupuestos teóricos y documentales. Se identificaron tres influencias relevantes como resultados, en términos de perspectivas teóricas, a saber: "orden ambiental internacional"; "patrimonialización del territorio" y; "valoración turística". Como presupuestos documentales, se contextualizaron las realidades tanto de la Reserva de la Biosfera Norpatagónica Andina (Argentina) como de la Reserva de la Biosfera Serra do Espinhaço (Brasil), lo que mostró que tales procesos de internacionalización de áreas naturales protegidas son muy fragilizados en cuanto al real involucramiento de la población local para favorecer el debate legítimo sobre cuáles serían las posibilidades de integración del "hombre en la naturaleza" como efectiva estrategia de una ecología política. ; Fue adoptado como el objetivo de investigación comprender cómo se configura el reconocimiento de los territorios naturales bajo la perspectiva del patrimonio internacional, desde la contextualización de presupuestos teóricos y documentales. Se identificaron tres influencias relevantes como resultados, en términos de perspectivas teóricas, a saber: "orden ambiental internacional"; "patrimonialización del territorio" y; "valoración turística". Como presupuestos documentales, se contextualizaron las realidades tanto de la Reserva de la Biosfera Norpatagónica Andina (Argentina) como de la Reserva de la Biosfera Serra do Espinhaço (Brasil), lo que mostró que tales procesos de internacionalización de áreas naturales protegidas son muy fragilizados en cuanto al real involucramiento de la población local para favorecer el debate legítimo sobre cuáles serían las posibilidades de integración del "hombre en la naturaleza" como efectiva estrategia de una ecología política.
The rapid population growth and the growing international demand for tropical agricultural products have led to the conversion of large areas of land for the intensive agricultural production of several monocultures in Ecuador. The aim of the present work is to analyze the temporo-spatial change of agricultural land use and the expansion of its border in the Vinces basin during the period 1990-2014 due to the presence of the main agricultural monocultures and the demand for water for irrigation by the same agricultural crops according to the water concessions granted by the governmental authority with competence in the basin. The present investigation involved the compilation of digital geoinformation, its subsequent processing in Geographic Information Systems, tabulation of official statistical information and verification in the field. The conceptual integration of the Integrated Management of Water Resources allows us to advance in the understanding of the complexity and difficulties to reach a balance between the natural and social processes that affect us. The main agricultural coverings of the Vinces river basin, represented by monocultures of banana, cocoa, and oil palm, showed a remarkable and progressive temporo-spatial change (expansion of the cultivated area) and an increase in water pressure in the basin. irrigation in the long period of low water. The historical concessions of irrigation water extended in the Vinces basin by the environmental authority does not reflect the true volume used by the agricultural sector in the summer stage, which is demonstrated by relating the volumes of water concessioned, the hectares of planted crops and the actual water requirements for the crops mentioned above to achieve maximum productivity. ; El rápido crecimiento demográfico y la creciente demanda internacional de productos agrícolas tropicales han propiciado la conversión de extensas áreas de tierra para la producción agrícola intensiva de varios monocultivos en el Ecuador. El presente trabajo tiene por ...
International audience ; The Argentinan Pampa has an image of vast and expanded fields structured around large farms of cereals production or breeding units. However, in the Province of Buenos Aires, around the south of the capital, the urban network structures an area of the size of nearly half of France. These areas are managed around medium-sized cities, chief towns of the district (partido) seat of local government (intendancia) and municipal (municipio) with what they call « pueblos ». In a context of centralized government, the theme of decentralization is at the heart of the political debate: municipalities ask for more responsibilities but they have very low budget. But a detailed analysis of different situations illustrates patterns of a contrasting management: first municipios who merely deal with the affairs directly related to the central government (Necochea et Villarino). On the other hand, we can observe a municipio which acts as a main character of local development (Tandil). In this perspective, they try to build a regional project by supporting two systems: one with a social dimension and another one around economic dimension to resolve serious social and economic problems. ; La région pampéenne argentine a depuis l'Europe une image de vastes étendues agricoles très faiblement peuplées où se pratiquent l'élevage bovin et les grandes cultures (essentiellement le soja) sur de grandes exploitations. Pourtant, dans la Province de Buenos-Aires, au sud de la capitale, les villes maillent fortement un territoire qui représente près de la moitié de la France. Les périmètres de gestion combinent des villes moyennes ou des petites villes chefs-lieux d'un district (partido) siège du gouvernement local (intendencia) et de l'administration municipale (municipio) avec des villages (pueblos)'. Dans un contexte de forte centralisation du pouvoir, la thématique de la décentralisation est au coeur des débats politiques : les municipalitésrevendiquent davantage de compétences, mais elles disposent de marges de manoeuvre réduites. Pourtant, une analyse détaillée de différentes situations conduit à repérer des modèles de gestion contrastés : d'une part, deux municipios qui se contentent de gérer les affaires courantes en liendirect avec le gouvernement central (Necochea et Villarino). D'autre part, un municipio acteur du développement territorial qui essaie de construire un projet de territoire (Tandil). En appui à ces processus de développement territorial, deux systèmes, l'un à dimension sociale et l'autre à dimension économique, ont un rôle essentiel dans la recherche de solutions aux lourdes problématiques économiques et sociales que connaît le pays.
International audience ; The Argentinan Pampa has an image of vast and expanded fields structured around large farms of cereals production or breeding units. However, in the Province of Buenos Aires, around the south of the capital, the urban network structures an area of the size of nearly half of France. These areas are managed around medium-sized cities, chief towns of the district (partido) seat of local government (intendancia) and municipal (municipio) with what they call « pueblos ». In a context of centralized government, the theme of decentralization is at the heart of the political debate: municipalities ask for more responsibilities but they have very low budget. But a detailed analysis of different situations illustrates patterns of a contrasting management: first municipios who merely deal with the affairs directly related to the central government (Necochea et Villarino). On the other hand, we can observe a municipio which acts as a main character of local development (Tandil). In this perspective, they try to build a regional project by supporting two systems: one with a social dimension and another one around economic dimension to resolve serious social and economic problems. ; La région pampéenne argentine a depuis l'Europe une image de vastes étendues agricoles très faiblement peuplées où se pratiquent l'élevage bovin et les grandes cultures (essentiellement le soja) sur de grandes exploitations. Pourtant, dans la Province de Buenos-Aires, au sud de la capitale, les villes maillent fortement un territoire qui représente près de la moitié de la France. Les périmètres de gestion combinent des villes moyennes ou des petites villes chefs-lieux d'un district (partido) siège du gouvernement local (intendencia) et de l'administration municipale (municipio) avec des villages (pueblos)'. Dans un contexte de forte centralisation du pouvoir, la thématique de la décentralisation est au coeur des débats politiques : les municipalitésrevendiquent davantage de compétences, mais elles disposent de marges de ...
