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Effective management of human settlements requires accurate assessment of the problems of communities, to plan appropriate actions & successfully implement plans, but concern exists that administrators are not competently trained to carry out their serious tasks. Since 1976, UNESCO has created a human settlements managers' training program, with the backing of the UN Environment Program, to develop & apply short-term, community-based training methods. The program's first phase consisted of 12 training courses held in 24 countries, where 350 people participated in approximately 21,000 hours of training. A second phase is planned, after evaluation of the first, to train people who will return to their communities & instruct others in these management skills. P. Montgomery.

It is the purpose of this short note to project the contemporary validity of Aquinistic thought on work in its social context, in relation to some recent Papal documents. One of the basic notions on work, in Christian thought, is that work derives its value from the dignity of a human person as a worker. It has always been paramount, in the teaching of the Church, that work cannot be considered simply as a market instrument but primarily as man's highest action. ; N/A

IT may be said that cost-benefit analysis is, in some respects, as old as economic science, and in other respects, a new technique. It is a scientific tool which attempts to establish, from different economic standpoints, the relative efficiency of investments: The main aim of cost-benefit analysis is to act as a guide in the process of decision making. Essentially, in a macro-economic sense, it seeks to establish the costs or disadvantages, and the benefits or advantages, en- tailed by each of several alternative courses of action. Such courses of action could be different ways of channelling investment from government sources into productive sectors of the economy; or, as in the present con- text, the efficiency of a given mode of government investment carried out according to a specific blue-print of industrial development. ; peer-reviewed

Any economic theory of value is divided into two parts: the notion of value, and its determination. Since the latter normally depends on the former, our investigation will be directed principally to the notion of economic value in the period preceding Marx's Critique of Political Economy and Capital. Before the Classical labour theory of value, we have no complete system of economic value. Naturally, the notion of value existed from very early times, for common-sense always expressed an estimate of the utility of goods both as satisfying personal needs and for purposes of exchange. As history evolved and as exchange increased, however, economic value began to acquire a growing importance. ; N/A

The economy of the Maltese Islands under Britain took the form of an artificial cycle determined not by the vicissitudes of the market, but by the exigencies of military security. War marked the upswings of the Maltese economic cycle; the return of peace was always the harbinger of a downswing. With the assumption of the Islands into the British Crown, the economic performance of the country became a function of Britain's demand for Malta's services as a fortress. It is proposed here to describe the unfolding and the evolution of that role since the departure of the Knights of the Order of Saint John. Malta's economic history makes little sense unless incorporated into the story of her political life. In interweaving both aspects of this period of the history of the Maltese, we hope we are working out a pattern that is more realistic than one that could be given by treating each aspect in isolation. ; N/A

Sustainable development requires consideration of the quality of life that future generations will be able to enjoy, and as the adjustment to sustainable lifestyles gathers momentum, the rights of future generations and our responsibility for their wellbeing is becoming a central issue. In this, the first book to address this emerging area of international law, leading experts examine the legal and theoretical frameworks for representing and safeguarding the interests of future generations in current international treaties. This unique volume will be required reading for academics and students

In contemporary ethical discussion widespread concern about the potential risks of genetic engineering is raising new and fundamental questions about our responsibilities towards unborn generations. Newly acquired knowledge in genetic engineering techniques has brought about not only potential benefits but also immense risks for the well-being of both present and future generations. This book raises a number of ethical issues concerning the impact of genetic engineering on generations yet to be born. The four topical areas that constitute the focus of the volume, namely (1) from laboratory to germ-line therapy, (2) the concept of human nature: theological and secular perspectives, (3) genetic intervention and the common heritage view, and (4) social responsibilities of geneticists towards future generations, raise intriguing ethical and legal questions, as well as important policy issues. As much as any set of issues, they reflect the hopes and fears, prejudices and uncertainties that people associate with germ-line intervention and the future of human kind