Suchergebnisse

Philosophical and ethical controversies of contractualism are analyzed in the article. Revitalization of modern ethical discourse based on social agreement connected with J. Rawls whose "theory of justice" is interpreted in the light of philosophical and legal legitimization of sociodemocratic practices of "a state of general prosperity". Criticism of this theory presented in the works of R. Nozick and R. Dworkin is highlighted. There the first one rejects morality of state redistribution of "justly" acquired property, the second considers moral bases of socio-regulated governed influence based on "natural law" argumentation. The analysis of discrepancies between the approaches of J. Rawls and R. Dworkin has demonstrated the difficulties of neo-liberal attempts to prove moral bases of a modern state: problem statement in the individualistic way does not consider dynamic character of human socialization and neglects an issue regarding a moral status of marginalized populations. Criticism of neo-liberal controversies of contractualism performed by J. Habermas, is analyzed. Communicative approach to dichotomy withdrawal of liberal freedom ("rights of the new") and ideas of public autonomy ("rights of the old") is revealed. The study concludes that Habermas's "involvement of the Other" is to meet all practical challenges of the modern society, it evokes a consideration of the main approach of moral bases definition of a legal, democratic, and social state. Ethical discourse content is proved to be an embodiment of a process of self-awareness created by civil society that is a special form of existence and development of social subjectivity ; Politologijos katedra ; Vytauto Didžiojo universitetas

The aim of the study is to analyze smart-philosophy, which refers to the priority research based on the new interaction between man and society. The methodological basis of the study is the synergetic approach, in the context of which new realities are "smart" with innovative potential. The informational approach to the analysis of society is based on the synergetic, nonlinear methodology, the analysis of which is applicable to the global transformation's characteristic of autoreflexive societies of high complexity. It also uses methods for measuring the "smart society" - anthropological and socio-axiological, based on people, education, the movement towards the "society of innovation" and knowledge. It is concluded that the breakthrough in the system of information and communication technologies has determined profound meaningful changes in all spheres of social activity, which is the theoretical autoreflexion of modernity and its dominant direction. The result of the study is the conceptualization of the smart-philosophy of the XXI century as the highest stage of civilizational development of mankind.