Suchergebnisse

The author discusses U.S. dependence on overseas sources of strategic minerals essential to sustain its economy and defense sector. U.S. vulnerability to a loss of access to important mineral supplies is more pronounced now than at any time since World War II. The uneven distribution of strategic mineral reserves and their concentration in a handful of politically unstable countries make it essential that U.S. policymakers ensure mineral availability in the new world order. The author considers the geographical imbalance of mineral trade patterns, evaluates the stability of the major strategic mineral producing countries, and assesses the potential for mineral supply disruption. He also examines several policy options for reducing U.S. vulnerability to a loss of strategic mineral supplies including retention and modernization of the National Defense Stockpile. ; https://press.armywarcollege.edu/monographs/1943/thumbnail.jpg

Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- List of Tables -- List of Figures -- Acknowledgments -- List of Abbreviations -- 1 Geopolitical Focus on Southern Africa -- The Emphasis on Apartheid -- Interdependence -- South African Hegemony -- Geopolitical Focus -- 2 Economic Interdependence -- Regional Interdependence -- Economic Vulnerability -- Landlocked States -- Black African Ports -- South African Ports -- Rail Network -- Other Dependencies -- Global Interdependence -- Foreign Policy Leverage -- Strategic Minerals -- The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty -- The Cape Route -- International Debt -- 3 Pluralism: The Domestic Challenge -- Historical Setting -- The Separation of Races -- Constitutional Reform -- Black Opposition -- 4 New Buffer States: South Africa's Regional Policy -- Economic Incentives -- New Buffer States -- Zimbabwe -- Mozambique -- Angola -- Policy Success -- 5 South Africa's Mining Industry: Mainstay of the Economy -- Minerals and the Economy -- Historical Setting -- Governmental Role in Mining -- Mining Laws -- Government Tax Policy -- Mineral Organizations -- The Private Sector -- Factors of Production -- Labor -- Foreign Workers -- The Black Labor Unions -- Energy -- Electricity -- Synthetic Fuels -- Transportation Infrastructure -- 6 Sanctions: A Double-Edged Sword -- Sanctions and Interdependence -- The Historical Application of Sanctions -- Sanctions Against South Africa -- South Africa's Economic Outlook -- Governmental Sanctions -- The Arms Embargo -- Oil and Nuclear Technology Sanctions -- Banning the Sale of Krugerrands -- Banning Bank Loans -- Government Sanctions in Europe and Japan -- Impact and Probability of a Trade Embargo -- Other Sanctions -- Impact of Sanctions on Southern Africa -- Zimbabwe -- Botswana -- Zambia -- Mozambique, Malawi, Swaziland and Lesotho -- Conclusion.