Suchergebnisse

AbstractFlood disaster risk assessment is a crucial and very challenging task because of the uncertainty of flood events that are due to many climatic and physiographic factors of watersheds. The focus of this paper is to review flood risk assessment using multicriteria analysis (MCA) approach by considering risk as a function of flood hazard and vulnerability. The study analyzes the methods and reports of recent works in assessing flood risk based on MCA technique. The review reveals that the analytical hierarchical process (AHP) is the most widely used MCA technique due to its simplicity, less data requirement, and sound and reliable predictions of flood risk zones. The study also reveals that flood risk is a function and product of flood hazard and vulnerability. More so, high flood hazard does not guarantee high flood risk and vice versa. Furthermore, high flood vulnerability does not guarantee high flood risk and vice versa. In conclusion, more efficient state‐of‐art flood models that are based on hydrological processes should be explored for effective flood risk assessment and mapping. Further studies on flood risk should incorporate impact of climate change on flood risk indicators.

AbstractWater, energy, and food are necessary resources for well‐being and economic development. The physical and economic access to these resources in most Sub‐Saharan countries remains very low while the outbreak of COVID‐19 is projected to worsen the situation. Therefore, this study aims to assess the impacts of COVID‐19 on the access to water, energy, and food as well as to identify innovations in water sanitation and hygiene (WASH) practices and examine the current policy interventions in Nigeria, Uganda, and Tanzania. An online survey through a Google Forms sampling 842 respondents was adopted and responses were analyzed. Results indicate that there is an insignificant correlation of COVID‐19 with water and energy access in all the three countries. However, there is a significant relationship with food access in all the three countries though still minimal in Tanzania. Interestingly, there is an improvement in WASH due to increased local innovations and continued mass sensitization. The study highly recommends policies that could improve affordability and encourage innovations in the factors studied.