Suchergebnisse

Immediately after the Allied WW2 victory in Europe, claims were made by the Soviet Union over the eastern regions of Turkey, to secure direct control over the Bosporus, Dardanelles, and Turkish Straits. The detailed study of the international components of these events, featuring the veiled complexities of Stalin's anti-Turkish diplomacy, provides a key to understanding crucial aspects of these Soviet territorial claims. Iranian Azerbaijan became another hotspot of post-war confrontation between the western Allies and the USSR: Soviet policy towards Iran manifested in the desire to access their oil resources. A further direction emerging within Soviet post-war strategy was the Kurdish issue in the Near and Middle East. At the conjunction of Turkish and Iranian events, Soviet secret service bodies and diplomatic institutions exploited their strengths and toyed with Kurdish minorities in the region. Their decisions placed the bordering regions of China, Turkey, and Iran squarely in the shadowy reaches of Moscow's policy. This research uses newly discovered archive material to illustrate the underlying intrigue behind Soviet ambition and intimately tracks how the Soviet Union was defeated in the first Cold War confrontation over its southern borders. It also links events of this period with the critical issue of Uyghur assimilation, and further contemporary developments highlighting Putin's policies, making it invaluable for both academic and general readers.

Using recently declassified Soviet documents, Jamil Hasanli examines Soviet involvement in the anti-China rebellion in East Turkistan. Hasanli takes readers back to the early 1930s when the Turkic national movement was suppressed by the Soviet government and the USSR. Hasanli deftly illustrates how Stalin?s policies toward the movement changed after the turning point of World War II and the treachery of Sheng Shicai, leading up to the 1944 establishment of the Eastern Turkistan Republic and the start of the Cold War

"World War I and the fall of Tsarist Russia brought brief independence to Azerbaijan, but by 1920 the Bolshevik revolution pushed south with the twofold purpose of accessing the oil-rich fields near Baku on the Caspian Sea and spreading communism into the Caucasus. Azerbaijan, the richest and earliest significant source of oil in the world, was the first republic in the South Caucasus occupied by the Red Army, which then advanced into neighboring Armenia and Georgia. Pulling from confidential, newly accessed archives, Hasanli describes Soviet Russia's aggressive policy toward the three South Caucasian nations, which led to their absorption into the USSR by the end of 1922. The book highlights the Caucasian peoples' struggle to retain political independence against Soviet Russia and an international cast that included European powers wanting to retain petroleum concessions; Kemalist Turkey, which claimed special ties to the Turkic Azeris; and Iran, which controlled South Azerbaijan and was thus a possible route of expansion eastward for Bolshevik movement. The author also considers the impact on Azerbaijani-Armenian relations of the first two years of sovietization and explains how Azerbaijan provided space for Bolshevik experiments. Throughout his book, Hasanli illuminates the tragedy of the complex, confused period of sovietization of the South Caucasus"--Provided by publisher

The situation of the South Caucasus after the revolution of February of 1917 and the beginning of diplomatic struggles for the region -- The Trabzon and Batum conferences : the first diplomatic steps of Azerbaijan toward independence -- The announcement of independence and the first steps of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Azerbaijan -- The diplomatic campaign for the liberation of Baku -- Diplomatic activity of the Azerbaijani Ministry of Foreign Affairs at the end of World War I and the Allied entry into Azerbaijan -- Azerbaijani diplomacy during preparations for the Paris Peace Conference -- The expansion of activities of the Azerbaijani Ministry of Foreign Affairs, its first delegation, and their diplomatic initiatives at the peace conference in Versailles -- Azerbaijani diplomacy vis-a-vis claims of "indivisible Russia" and "great Armenia" -- Attitudes to the western mandate : efforts to approach France, Great Britain, and Italy -- The growing interest of the United States in the Caucasus and Azerbaijan -- Lobbying in the United States and the growth of nationalist propaganda in Western Europe -- The recognition of Azerbaijan's independence by the Allied powers in Versailles -- Azerbaijan and the international situation on the eve of the April occupation -- The April occupation of 1920 and Azerbaijani diplomacy

Soviet-Turkish relations during the Second World War: from neutrality to escalating tensions -- Increasing Soviet pressure on Turkey and the beginning of the war of nerves -- Inclusion of the South Caucasus republics in the Soviet policy against Turkey -- Growth of pro-American sentiments in Turkey in response to increasing Soviet pressures -- Soviet plans on the straits and their failure -- The war of nerves between the republics of the South Caucasus -- Turkey and the Truman Doctrine -- Escalation of the Cold War and Turkey's entry into NATO

Penetration of the Soviet troops into Iran and strengthening of the Soviet position in Iranian Azerbaijan -- 2. The intensification of Soviet policy in Iranian Azerbaijan -- 3. The struggle for oil and the government crisis in Tehran -- 4. End of war in Europe: decisions of Moscow and Iranian Azerbaijan -- 5. Creation of the Democratic Party and the idea of autonomy -- 6. Decision of the Popular Congress of Azerbaijan -- 7. Establishment of the National Government of Iranian Azerbaijan -- 8. The situation in Iranian Azerbaijan and the Moscow meeting of foreign ministers -- 9. National government of Iranian Azerbaijan: between autonomy and independence -- 10. January 1946: beginning of reforms in Tabriz -- 11. February 1946: Qavam as-Saltanah's Moscow visit -- 12. Starting point of the Cold War: Iranian Azerbaijan, March 1946 -- 13. Withdrawal from Iranian Azerbaijan and the oil policy of the Soviets -- 14. The beginning of negotiations between the central government and Azerbaijan -- 15. Strengthening of the U.S. influence in Iran -- 16. Failure of Stalin's policy in Iranian Azerbaijan