Suchergebnisse

'Guide to Women's Studies in China' compiled and edited by Gail Hershatter, Emily Honig, Susan Mann and Lisa Rofel, and 'Women in Republican China: A Sourcebook' edited by Hua R. Lan and Vanessa L. Fong are reviewed.

Fan reviews 'Guest People: Hakka Identity in China and Abroad' edited by Nicole Constable.

AbstractThis study applies newly developed methodologies to investigate the border effect between Hong Kong and mainland China. It makes three contributions to a better understanding of the border effect puzzle. First, the special relationship between mainland China and Hong Kong provides us with a unique opportunity to disentangle the factors underlying the observed border effect. Second, in addition to estimating the border effect between mainland China and Hong Kong, we also estimate that between the mainland provinces of Guangdong and Shanghai. This comparison between two types of border effects facilitates a better understanding of the extent of domestic market integration in China. Third, owing to the nature of our data and the new estimation approach we adopt, our estimated border effects are less subject to the measurement error‐related and estimation‐related biases commonly seen in previous studies. We find the estimated border effect between Hong Kong and mainland China to be approximately 266 km, which is substantially larger than that between Guangdong and Shanghai (1.3 km). Both are substantially smaller than the estimated border effects found in many previous studies.

The nature and extent of openness depend on the context and/or disciplinary domain. Earlier usage of the term open was in the context of computer systems. For example, in networked systems of computers, "openness" refers to enabling protocols that connect previously closed systems so that they can communicate with each other. Beyond that, openness has been used to imply a spectrum of meanings, notably since the campaign for open source software development populated the term 'open' and its suggested notions of "openness" as freedom, entitlement, or norm. As a social form of organising, "openness" suggests a way of sharing resources. In the corporate context, "openness" refers to more active involvement of stakeholders in the process of value creation.

For a decade, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) program collected clinicopathologic annotation data along with multi-platform molecular profiles of more than 11,000 human tumors across 33 different cancer types. TCGA clinical data contain key features representing the democratized nature of the data collection process. To ensure proper use of this large clinical dataset associated with genomic features, we developed a standardized dataset named the TCGA Pan-Cancer Clinical Data Resource (TCGA-CDR), which includes four major clinical outcome endpoints. In addition to detailing major challenges and statistical limitations encountered during the effort of integrating the acquired clinical data, we present a summary that includes endpoint usage recommendations for each cancer type. These TCGA-CDR findings appear to be consistent with cancer genomics studies independent of the TCGA effort and provide opportunities for investigating cancer biology using clinical correlates at an unprecedented scale. Analysis of clinicopathologic annotations for over 11,000 cancer patients in the TCGA program leads to the generation of TCGA Clinical Data Resource, which provides recommendations of clinical outcome endpoint usage for 33 cancer types.