WHY NIEBUHR AT ALL? - John Patrick Diggins: Why Niebuhr Now? (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2011. Pp. 136. $22.00.)
In: The review of politics, Band 74, Heft 2, S. 341-343
ISSN: 1748-6858
15 Ergebnisse
Sortierung:
In: The review of politics, Band 74, Heft 2, S. 341-343
ISSN: 1748-6858
In: The review of politics, Band 74, Heft 2, S. 341-344
ISSN: 0034-6705
In: Australian journal of public administration, Band 67, Heft 1, S. 110-112
ISSN: 1467-8500
In: Asian and Pacific migration journal: APMJ, Band 11, Heft 4, S. 437-462
ISSN: 0117-1968
In: Marine policy, Band 15, Heft 1, S. 67-68
ISSN: 0308-597X
This guideline has been produced to assist the management of contaminated sites in Latvia, in particular disused Russian military sites. A risk-based approach is proposed for adoption in the assessment of such sites in line with the approach adopted in recent years by other countries in the European Union. Some countries have set fixed numerical criteria to assess contaminated land based on generic assumptions on site conditions such as; soil type, depth to groundwater, geology and hydrogeology, and proximity to potential receptors (eg. groundwater supply well, surface water body). Such an approach ignores the fact that contaminated sites vary widely in terms of both complexity and the potential risk they may pose to either human health or the environment. As fixed numerical criteria are nearly always set at very low levels, their use leads to the clean-up of more land than may be necessary. The result is wastage of resources with clean-up costs incurred without an incremental reduction in risk to human health and the environment. ; 45568
BASE
In: Geopolitics and international boundaries, Band 2, Heft 2, S. 70-115
ISSN: 1362-9379
AT THE TIME OF WRITING THERE ARE APPROXIMATELY 120,000 REFUGEES FROM BURMA ALONG THE BORDER WITH THAILAND, MOSTLY ON THE THAI SIDE. THE AUTHORS FOCUS ON SOME OF THE CRITICAL SECURITY ISSUES UNDERLYING THE REFUGEE CRISIS, PARTICULARLY IN RELATION TO THE ON-GOING STATE-SOCIETAL AND ETHNO-TERRITORIAL CONFLICTS. CENTRAL TO AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE RECENT REFUGEE PROBLEMS IS A CONSIDERATION OF HOW THE BURMESE MILITARY REGIMES SECURITY CONCERNS HAVE TERRITORIAL AND ETHNIC DIMENSIONS.
Frie emneord: Olje \" \" : Tungmetaller A former Soviet military armoured vehicle workshop has been subject to site investigation to examine soil and groundwater contamination. Site investiga- tions have indicated that groundwater is contaminated by hydrocarbons, free phase LNAPL oil being found in one of the boreholes (borehole 3 beneath the scrapyard). Soils at the site are contamonated by oil and the heavy metals, Pb, Cu, Zn and Cd. Risk assessment techniques have been applied to make a so-called \"Tier2\" assessment of risk to human health and risk to water resources. The asessment has concluded that contamination from the site will not reach the River Daugava within 39 years, even without taking into account sorption and biodegradation. The risk assessment concludes that the site can remain in its current usage or be redeveloped for commercial purposes without any risk to human health. The assessment predicts no unacceptable risk to off-site groundwater resour- ces (well in Quaternary aquifer at 200 m distance or bore in Devonian at 500 m distance) or to the River Daugava from the site. If the site id redeveloped for residential use or for open public access (parkland), an unacceptable human health risk may be present. If suck redevel- opment is proposed, either (a) a \"Tier 3\" risk assessment should be carried out to make a more refined, less conservative assessment of risk or (b) cleanup of selected areas shoould be carried out to cited risk-based clean-up levels. ; 45572
BASE
Frie emneord: Olje A former Soviet military fuel depot has been subject to site investigation to examine soil and groundwater contamination. Risk assessment techniques have been applied to make a so-called \"Tier 2\" assessment of risk to human health and risk to water resourced from the site. The assessment has consluded that contamination from the site will not reach the nearest surface water body within 35 years, even without taking into account sorption and biodegradation. The risk assessment also concludes that the site can remain in its current usage or be redeveloped for commercial purposes without any risk to human health. The assessment predicts no unacceptable risk to groundwater resources or to the River Daugava from the site. If the site is redeveloped for residential use or for open public access (parkland), an unacceptable human health risk may be present. If such redevel- opment is proposed, either (a) a \"Tier3\" risk assessment should be carried out to make a more refined, less conservative assessment of risk or (b) cleanup of selected areas should be carried out to cited risk-based clean-up levels. ; 45569
BASE
Frie emneord: Olje \" \" : Tungmetaller A former Soviet military armoured vehicle workshop has been subject to site investigation to examine soil and groundwater contamination. Site investiga- tions have indicated that groundwater is contaminated by hydrocarbons, free phase LNAPL oil being found in one of the boreholes (borehole 3 beneath the scrapyard). Soils at the site are contamonated by oil and the heavy metals, Pb, Cu, Zn and Cd. Risk assessment techniques have been applied to make a so-called \"Tier2\" assessment of risk to human health and risk to water resources. The asessment has concluded that contamination from the site will not reach the River Daugava within 39 years, even without taking into account sorption and biodegradation. The risk assessment concludes that the site can remain in its current usage or be redeveloped for commercial purposes without any risk to human health. The assessment predicts no unacceptable risk to off-site groundwater resour- ces (well in Quaternary aquifer at 200 m distance or bore in Devonian at 500 m distance) or to the River Daugava from the site. If the site id redeveloped for residential use or for open public access (parkland), an unacceptable human health risk may be present. If suck redevel- opment is proposed, either (a) a \"Tier 3\" risk assessment should be carried out to make a more refined, less conservative assessment of risk or (b) cleanup of selected areas shoould be carried out to cited risk-based clean-up levels. ; 45571
BASE
Frie emneord: Olje A former Soviet military fuel depot has been subject to site investigation to examine soil and groundwater contamination. Risk assessment techniques have been applied to make a so-called \"Tier 2\" assessment of risk to human health and risk to water resourced from the site. The assessment has consluded that contamination from the site will not reach the nearest surface water body within 35 years, even without taking into account sorption and biodegradation. The risk assessment also concludes that the site can remain in its current usage or be redeveloped for commercial purposes without any risk to human health. The assessment predicts no unacceptable risk to groundwater resources or to the River Daugava from the site. If the site is redeveloped for residential use or for open public access (parkland), an unacceptable human health risk may be present. If such redevel- opment is proposed, either (a) a \"Tier3\" risk assessment should be carried out to make a more refined, less conservative assessment of risk or (b) cleanup of selected areas should be carried out to cited risk-based clean-up levels. ; 45570
BASE
An analysis of the regulations of herbicide use for weed control in non-agricultural ⁄ urban amenity areas, including actual pesticide use, was carried out as a joint survey of seven European countries: Denmark, Finland, Germany, Latvia, the Netherlands, Sweden and United Kingdom. Herbicides constitute the major part of the pesticides used in urban amenity areas. Herbicide use on hard surfaces is the largest in terms of volume and potential contamination of surface and groundwater. The aim of the study was to investigate the differences in political interest and public debate on the use of pesticides in public urban amenity areas, regulations within each country at national, regional and local levels, possible use of alternative weed control methods and the amounts of pesticides used on urban amenity areas. A comparative analysis revealed major differences in political interest, regulations and availability of statistics on pesticide use. Denmark, Sweden, the Netherlands and Germany have, or have had, a strong public and political interest for reducing the use of herbicides to control weeds in urban amenity areas and also have very strict regulations. The UK is currently undergoing a period of increasing awareness and strengthening regulation, while Latvia and Finland do not have specific regulations for weed control in urban amenity areas or on hard surfaces. Statistics on pesticide ⁄ herbicide use on urban amenity areas were only available in Denmark and the Netherlands. Developing this kind of information base reveals the differences in herbicide use, regulations and policies in European countries and may enhance the transfer of knowledge on sustainable weed control across countries.
BASE
Background: Surgery is the main modality of cure for solid cancers and was prioritised to continue during COVID-19 outbreaks. This study aimed to identify immediate areas for system strengthening by comparing the delivery of elective cancer surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic in periods of lockdown versus light restriction. Methods: This international, prospective, cohort study enrolled 20 006 adult (≥18 years) patients from 466 hospitals in 61 countries with 15 cancer types, who had a decision for curative surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic and were followed up until the point of surgery or cessation of follow-up (Aug 31, 2020). Average national Oxford COVID-19 Stringency Index scores were calculated to define the government response to COVID-19 for each patient for the period they awaited surgery, and classified into light restrictions (index 60). The primary outcome was the non-operation rate (defined as the proportion of patients who did not undergo planned surgery). Cox proportional-hazards regression models were used to explore the associations between lockdowns and non-operation. Intervals from diagnosis to surgery were compared across COVID-19 government response index groups. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04384926. Findings: Of eligible patients awaiting surgery, 2003 (10·0%) of 20 006 did not receive surgery after a median follow-up of 23 weeks (IQR 16-30), all of whom had a COVID-19-related reason given for non-operation. Light restrictions were associated with a 0·6% non-operation rate (26 of 4521), moderate lockdowns with a 5·5% rate (201 of 3646; adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0·81, 95% CI 0·77-0·84; p<0·0001), and full lockdowns with a 15·0% rate (1775 of 11 827; HR 0·51, 0·50-0·53; p<0·0001). In sensitivity analyses, including adjustment for SARS-CoV-2 case notification rates, moderate lockdowns (HR 0·84, 95% CI 0·80-0·88; p<0·001), and full lockdowns (0·57, 0·54-0·60; p<0·001), remained independently associated with non-operation. Surgery beyond 12 weeks from diagnosis in patients without neoadjuvant therapy increased during lockdowns (374 [9·1%] of 4521 in light restrictions, 317 [10·4%] of 3646 in moderate lockdowns, 2001 [23·8%] of 11 827 in full lockdowns), although there were no differences in resectability rates observed with longer delays. Interpretation: Cancer surgery systems worldwide were fragile to lockdowns, with one in seven patients who were in regions with full lockdowns not undergoing planned surgery and experiencing longer preoperative delays. Although short-term oncological outcomes were not compromised in those selected for surgery, delays and non-operations might lead to long-term reductions in survival. During current and future periods of societal restriction, the resilience of elective surgery systems requires strengthening, which might include protected elective surgical pathways and long-term investment in surge capacity for acute care during public health emergencies to protect elective staff and services.
BASE
Background Surgery is the main modality of cure for solid cancers and was prioritised to continue during COVID-19 outbreaks. This study aimed to identify immediate areas for system strengthening by comparing the delivery of elective cancer surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic in periods of lockdown versus light restriction. Methods This international, prospective, cohort study enrolled 20 006 adult (≥18 years) patients from 466 hospitals in 61 countries with 15 cancer types, who had a decision for curative surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic and were followed up until the point of surgery or cessation of follow-up (Aug 31, 2020). Average national Oxford COVID-19 Stringency Index scores were calculated to define the government response to COVID-19 for each patient for the period they awaited surgery, and classified into light restrictions (index 60). The primary outcome was the non-operation rate (defined as the proportion of patients who did not undergo planned surgery). Cox proportional-hazards regression models were used to explore the associations between lockdowns and non-operation. Intervals from diagnosis to surgery were compared across COVID-19 government response index groups. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04384926. Findings Of eligible patients awaiting surgery, 2003 (10·0%) of 20 006 did not receive surgery after a median follow-up of 23 weeks (IQR 16–30), all of whom had a COVID-19-related reason given for non-operation. Light restrictions were associated with a 0·6% non-operation rate (26 of 4521), moderate lockdowns with a 5·5% rate (201 of 3646; adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0·81, 95% CI 0·77–0·84; p<0·0001), and full lockdowns with a 15·0% rate (1775 of 11 827; HR 0·51, 0·50–0·53; p<0·0001). In sensitivity analyses, including adjustment for SARS-CoV-2 case notification rates, moderate lockdowns (HR 0·84, 95% CI 0·80–0·88; p<0·001), and full lockdowns (0·57, 0·54–0·60; p<0·001), remained independently associated with non-operation. Surgery beyond 12 weeks from diagnosis in patients without neoadjuvant therapy increased during lockdowns (374 [9·1%] of 4521 in light restrictions, 317 [10·4%] of 3646 in moderate lockdowns, 2001 [23·8%] of 11 827 in full lockdowns), although there were no differences in resectability rates observed with longer delays. Interpretation Cancer surgery systems worldwide were fragile to lockdowns, with one in seven patients who were in regions with full lockdowns not undergoing planned surgery and experiencing longer preoperative delays. Although short-term oncological outcomes were not compromised in those selected for surgery, delays and non-operations might lead to long-term reductions in survival. During current and future periods of societal restriction, the resilience of elective surgery systems requires strengthening, which might include protected elective surgical pathways and long-term investment in surge capacity for acute care during public health emergencies to protect elective staff and services. Funding National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit, Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, Medtronic, Sarcoma UK, The Urology Foundation, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research.
BASE
Background Surgery is the main modality of cure for solid cancers and was prioritised to continue during COVID-19 outbreaks. This study aimed to identify immediate areas for system strengthening by comparing the delivery of elective cancer surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic in periods of lockdown versus light restriction. Methods This international, prospective, cohort study enrolled 20 006 adult (≥18 years) patients from 466 hospitals in 61 countries with 15 cancer types, who had a decision for curative surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic and were followed up until the point of surgery or cessation of follow-up (Aug 31, 2020). Average national Oxford COVID-19 Stringency Index scores were calculated to define the government response to COVID-19 for each patient for the period they awaited surgery, and classified into light restrictions (index 60). The primary outcome was the non-operation rate (defined as the proportion of patients who did not undergo planned surgery). Cox proportional-hazards regression models were used to explore the associations between lockdowns and non-operation. Intervals from diagnosis to surgery were compared across COVID-19 government response index groups. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04384926. Findings Of eligible patients awaiting surgery, 2003 (10·0%) of 20 006 did not receive surgery after a median follow-up of 23 weeks (IQR 16–30), all of whom had a COVID-19-related reason given for non-operation. Light restrictions were associated with a 0·6% non-operation rate (26 of 4521), moderate lockdowns with a 5·5% rate (201 of 3646; adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0·81, 95% CI 0·77–0·84; p<0·0001), and full lockdowns with a 15·0% rate (1775 of 11 827; HR 0·51, 0·50–0·53; p<0·0001). In sensitivity analyses, including adjustment for SARS-CoV-2 case notification rates, moderate lockdowns (HR 0·84, 95% CI 0·80–0·88; p<0·001), and full lockdowns (0·57, 0·54–0·60; p<0·001), remained independently associated with non-operation. Surgery beyond 12 weeks from diagnosis in patients without neoadjuvant therapy increased during lockdowns (374 [9·1%] of 4521 in light restrictions, 317 [10·4%] of 3646 in moderate lockdowns, 2001 [23·8%] of 11827 in full lockdowns), although there were no differences in resectability rates observed with longer delays. Interpretation Cancer surgery systems worldwide were fragile to lockdowns, with one in seven patients who were in regions with full lockdowns not undergoing planned surgery and experiencing longer preoperative delays. Although short-term oncological outcomes were not compromised in those selected for surgery, delays and non-operations might lead to long-term reductions in survival. During current and future periods of societal restriction, the resilience of elective surgery systems requires strengthening, which might include protected elective surgical pathways and long- term investment in surge capacity for acute care during public health emergencies to protect elective staff and services. Funding National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit, Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, Medtronic, Sarcoma UK, The Urology Foundation, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research.
BASE