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Greek ostraca in the Ashmolean Museum: from Oxyrhynchus and other sites; (O.Ashm. Shelton)
In: Papyrologica Florentina 17
Development of a Divorce Adjustment Group Program in a Social Service Agency
In: Families in society: the journal of contemporary human services, Band 60, Heft 5, S. 309-312
ISSN: 1945-1350
ISR: Yardstick for Decisions
In: The military engineer: TME, Band 88, Heft 580, S. 68-69
ISSN: 0026-3982, 0462-4890
Recommendations for Addressing Structural Racism in Implementation Science: A Call to the Field
In: Ethnicity & disease: an international journal on population differences in health and disease patterns, Band 31, Heft Suppl, S. 357-364
ISSN: 1945-0826
Implementation science (IS) has emerged in response to a striking research-to-practice gap, with the goal of accelerating and addressing the development, translation, and widespread uptake of evidence-based interventions (EBIs). Despite the promise of IS, critical gaps and opportunities remain within the field to explicitly facilitate health equity, particularly as they relate to the role of social determinants of health and structural racism. In this commentary, we propose recommendations for the field of IS to include structural racism as a more explicit focus of our work. First, we make the case for including structural racism as a construct and promote its measurement as a determinant within existing IS frameworks/models, laying the foundation for an empirical evidence base on mechanisms through which such factors influence inequitable adoption, implementation, and sustainability of EBIs. Second, we suggest considerations for both EBIs and implementation strategies that directly or indirectly address structural racism and impact health equity. Finally, we call for use of methods and approaches within IS that may be more appropriate for addressing structural racism at multiple ecological levels and clinical and community settings in which we conduct IS, including community-based participatory research and stakeholder engagement. We see these as opportunities to advance the focus on health equity within IS and conclude with a charge to the field to consider making structural racism and the dismantling of racism an explicit part of the IS research agenda.Ethn Dis. 2021;31(Suppl 1):357-364; doi:10.18865/ed.31.S1.357
Trust and Mistrust in Shaping Adaptation and De-Implementation in the Context of Changing Screening Guidelines
In: Ethnicity & disease: an international journal on population differences in health and disease patterns, Band 31, Heft 1, S. 119-132
ISSN: 1945-0826
Objective: To understand barriers and facilitators to the adaptation of programs reflecting changing scientific guidelines for breast/cervical cancer screening, including factors influencing the de-implementation of messaging, program components, or screening practices no longer recommended due to new scientific evidence.Design and Methods: We conducted a convergent mixed-methods design in partnership with The National Witness Project (NWP), a nationally implemented evidence-based lay health advisor (LHA) program for breast/cervical cancer screening among African American (AA) women. Surveys were conducted among 201 project directors (PDs) and LHAs representing 14 NWP sites; in-depth interviews were conducted among 14 PDs to provide context to findings. Survey data and qualitative interviews were collected concurrently from January 2019-January 2020.Setting: National sample of NWP sites from across the United States.Results: Trust and mistrust were important themes that arose in quantitative and qualitative data. Common concerns about adapting to new guidelines included: 1) perceptions that new guidelines misalign with the personal values and beliefs of AA women; 2) mistrust of guidelines, providers, medical organizations; 3) confusion about inconsistent guidelines and concern they are based on studies that don't reflect the experience of AA women (who experience more aggressive tumors at younger ages); and 4) belief that breast self-exam (BSE) is an empowerment tool for AA women and should be included to promote awareness, given many women discovered lumps/cancer through BSE.Conclusion: Findings highlight that trust and mistrust are important but understudied social determinants of health among AAs that should be considered in implementation science as they: 1) have critical implications for shaping health inequities; and 2) help explain and contextualize why new screening guidelines may not be fully embraced in the AA community.Ethn Dis. 2021;31(1):119- 132; doi:10.18865/ed.31.1.119
Smoke-Free Workplace Ballot Campaigns: Case Studies from Missouri and Lessons for Policy and Media Advocacy
In: American journal of health promotion, Band 27, Heft 6, S. e124-e133
ISSN: 2168-6602
Purpose. To assess the key components of smoke-free campaigns that may have influenced voting outcomes in three communities. Design. Community case studies with content analysis of tobacco-related newspaper articles. Setting. Three semiurban Missouri communities. Subjects. One hundred eighty-one articles referencing tobacco published during the campaigns and five key informant interviews. Measures. Articles were coded for type, community referenced, tobacco control position, source of quotations, use of evidence, and frame. Semistructured interviews with key informants collected additional information. Analysis. Descriptive statistics were utilized to examine media coverage in each community. Key themes and events for each campaign were identified from qualitative interviews. Results. The only community that failed to pass its initiative had the highest proportion of letters to the editor (81.1%), anti–tobacco control articles (34.2%), use of a rights frame (28.8%), no evidence used (36.9%), no neighboring communities with policies, strong Tea Party presence, and no support from the chamber of commerce. Across all communities, more articles incorporating health frames were pro–tobacco control (70.7%) and more articles with a rights frame were anti–tobacco control (62.0%), compared to other positions. Conclusion. Several factors can influence the policy process. Tobacco control policy advocates facing strong opposition should consider the many factors (demographics, proximity to other adopting localities, politics) driving the debate and use media as an avenue to influence the discussion, connect with the public and policymakers, and mobilize proponents.
Preventive Health Behaviors Among Low-Income African American and Hispanic Populations: Can Colonoscopy Screening Serve as a Teachable Moment?
In: Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities: an official journal of the Cobb-NMA Health Institute, Band 5, Heft 1, S. 179-186
ISSN: 2196-8837
Aerial multispectral imaging for crop hail damage assessment in potato
In: Computers and electronics in agriculture: COMPAG online ; an international journal, Band 127, S. 406-412
"You probably can't feel as safe as normal women": Hispanic women's reactions to breast density notification
BACKGROUND: Patient advocacy has led to state-level legislative mandates for the release of personal mammographic breast density information to women undergoing screening mammography. The impact of this information on women's perceptions and mammography screening behavior remains unclear. METHODS: We conducted semi-structured interviews in English and Spanish with 24 self-identified Hispanic women who had at least one mammogram since breast density notification was enacted in New York State (NYS; age range: 43–63 years). We asked women about their understanding and perceptions of the communication of NYS mandated breast density information, and any actions they have taken or would take in response to this information. We conducted a content analysis of the qualitative data from the translated and transcribed interviews. RESULTS: Most participants had no prior knowledge of breast density and expressed confusion and apprehension about the meaning of dense breasts when presented with the notification information. Many participants understood having dense breasts as a serious and abnormal condition, and reported feelings of worry and vulnerability. Participants mostly expressed a strong interest in learning more about breast density and obtaining additional and more frequent breast cancer screening tests. These behavioral intentions were consistent with participants' overall favorable view of breast cancer screening and a belief that their faith, as well as regular screening, can help to protect them from breast cancer morbidity and mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Hispanic women conveyed proactive breast cancer screening intentions in response to breast density notification, despite inadequate comprehension of this information and negative emotional responses.
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Interpersonal influence among public health leaders in the United States Department of Health and Human Services
Background. In public health, interpersonal influence has been identified as an important factor in the spread of health information, and in understanding and changing health behaviors. However, little is known about influence in public health leadership. Influence is important in leadership settings, where public health professionals contribute to national policy and practice agendas. Drawing on social theory and recent advances in statistical network modeling, we examined influence in a network of tobacco control leaders at the United States Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS). Design and Methods. Fifty-four tobacco control leaders across all 11 agencies in the DHHS were identified; 49 (91%) responded to a web-based survey. Participants were asked about communication with other tobacco control leaders, who influenced their work, and general job characteristics. Exponential random graph modeling was used to develop a network model of influence accounting for characteristics of individuals, their relationships, and global network structures. Results. Higher job ranks, more experience in tobacco control, and more time devoted to tobacco control each week increased the likelihood of influence nomination, as did more frequent communication between network members. Being in the same agency and working the same number of hours per week were positively associated with mutual influence nominations. Controlling for these characteristics, the network also exhibited patterns associated with influential clusters of network members. Conclusions. Findings from this unique study provide a perspective on influence within a government agency that both helps to understand decision-making and also can serve to inform organizational efforts that allow for more effective structuring of leadership.
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Development of tailored feedback reports on organizational capacity for health promotion in African American churches
In: Evaluation and Program Planning, Band 70, S. 99-106
An Integrated TCGA Pan-Cancer Clinical Data Resource to Drive High-Quality Survival Outcome Analytics
For a decade, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) program collected clinicopathologic annotation data along with multi-platform molecular profiles of more than 11,000 human tumors across 33 different cancer types. TCGA clinical data contain key features representing the democratized nature of the data collection process. To ensure proper use of this large clinical dataset associated with genomic features, we developed a standardized dataset named the TCGA Pan-Cancer Clinical Data Resource (TCGA-CDR), which includes four major clinical outcome endpoints. In addition to detailing major challenges and statistical limitations encountered during the effort of integrating the acquired clinical data, we present a summary that includes endpoint usage recommendations for each cancer type. These TCGA-CDR findings appear to be consistent with cancer genomics studies independent of the TCGA effort and provide opportunities for investigating cancer biology using clinical correlates at an unprecedented scale. Analysis of clinicopathologic annotations for over 11,000 cancer patients in the TCGA program leads to the generation of TCGA Clinical Data Resource, which provides recommendations of clinical outcome endpoint usage for 33 cancer types.
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