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Senior Project submitted to The Division of Social Studies of Bard College.

"This is the previously untold story of a 1950s gay teenager who runs away from home, setting out on an adventure that redefines his life and puts him in the midst of the civil rights struggle of gay people across the United States of America spanning a half-century. Born in 1939, Jim Foshee lives his young life openly, honestly, and defiantly in the underground world of homosexuals and early queer subculture decades before that lifestyle eventually progressed into a modern LGBTQ society. This biography is an intimate portrait of gay life in the 1950s and beyond into a new millennium. It takes readers on a unique and personal journey through a part of American history as seen through the eyes of this gay American--an exploration seldom revealed in American literature."--Back cover

A well developed manufacturing strategy is becoming increasingly
important to many manufacturing organizations. A major feature of such a
strategy is the definition of a manufacturing infrastructure that is
consistent with how products and services compete in the selected
market. The managerial accounting system is a key component of this
infrastructure. Reports the results of a survey of 85 manufacturing
companies. Finds that many companies use an accounting system that
appears to be inappropriate. The systems are often ill suited to their
marketplace and inconsistent with an appropriate manufacturing strategy.
Discusses recommendations for change for companies currently developing
a manufacturing strategy.

Introduces the concept of a manufacturing strategy based on a service
orientation. Traditional manufacturing strategies have often been
driven by cost minimization decisions and have encouraged the
over‐reliance by managers on inventories to satisfy demand. In today′s
business environment, a reliance on inventory is often not feasible.
Suggests a reliance on capacity available to meet demand, as used by the
service industry. Such a strategy is in direct conflict with most
cost‐accounting systems because of the absorption of overhead costs
based on direct labour. Proposes two alternatives for changing the
accounting system, to enhance the move towards the service‐based
strategy. Lastly, presents a case study of a US plant to illustrate the
results that a company adopting this approach should expect.

This research compares Material Requirements Planning (MRP), Kanban, and Period Batch Control (PBC) as alternative approaches to the planning and control of multi‐cell manufacturing involving flow cells and assembly. Since previous research on performance of these systems in cellular manufacturing has been primarily conceptual, the experiments reported here provide new insights into their comparative performance.The results show that the production environment is a major factor in system choice. Three operating factors—Master Production Schedule (MPS) volume variation, MPS mix variation, and setup time/lot size—clearly affect system choice. All systems performed well under Justin‐Time (JIT) conditions; there was no advantage to Kanban. Under the mixed conditions of high MPS variation, but small setup time/lot sizes, PBC produced superior performance compared to Kanban and MRP. Under non‐JIT conditions, MRP was seen as clearly more effective. Finally, the results indicate that when conditions permit very small lot sizes relative to requirements, Kanban may perform best, even when MPS variation is high.

© Janice E. Drew et al. 2015; Published by Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. This Open Access article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank the patients who kindly donated tissue samples, Sally Chalmers of the Tayside Tissue Bank for her help with collecting of the tissue donor samples, Emma Moss for advice on human colon dissection and explant culture, and Claus Dieter Mayer, Biomathematics and Statistics Scotland, for advice on statistical analysis. This work was supported by the Scottish Government (GT403), Scottish Universities Life Science Alliance, and TENOVUS Scotland. ; Peer reviewed ; Publisher PDF