Suchergebnisse

"Thousands of Frenchmen volunteered to provide military help to the Nazis during World War II, fighting in such places as Belorussia, Galicia, Pomerania, and Berlin. Utilizing these soldiers' memoirs, The French who fought for Hitler examines how these volunteers describe their exploits on the battlefield, their relations to civilian populations in occupied territories, and their sexual prowess. It also discusses how the volunteers account for their controversial decisions to enlist, to fight to the end, and finally to testify. Coining the concepts of "outcast memory" and "unlikeable vanquished," Philippe Carrard characterizes the type of bitter, unrepentant memory at work in the volunteers' recollections and situates it on the map of France's collective memory. In the process, he contributes to the ongoing conversation about memory, asking whether all testimonies are fit to be given and preserved, and how we should deal with life narratives that uphold positions now viewed as unacceptable"--Provided by publisher

Résumé Arlette Farge, dans Le Goût de l'archive , décrit les documents sur lesquels elle travaille et les lieux où elle conduit sa recherche. En revanche, elle écarte tout élément « personnel » : elle ne retrace pas son parcours académique, ne révèle rien de sa vie privée et va jusqu'à exclure toute marque du « je ». Cette manière très singulière de s'absenter du texte comporte un certain nombre d'enjeux. Tout d'abord, Le Goût de l'archive constitue une réflexion sur l'ego-histoire : Farge refuse le postulat qui sous-tend les récits de carrière de ses collègues, à savoir que la réussite scientifique d'un chercheur rend la vie de celui-ci intéressante et « racontable ». D'autre part, le livre implique un commentaire sur certaines conventions d'écriture qui règlent le discours historique. En éliminant la première personne d'un texte où elle aurait pu légitimement s'en servir, Farge attire l'attention sur les problèmes de « subjectivité » qui se posent actuellement dans ce discours. Finalement, en parlant des lieux où elle se rend et des manuscrits qu'elle consulte, Farge signale un des non-dits de l'histoire. En creux, elle montre ce que pourrait être un texte où l'historien ne présenterait pas que les résultats de son enquête, mais ferait une place au déroulement de celle-ci.

Implementing a circular economy approach to sanitation requires knowledge of the costs to construct, operate and maintain resource-oriented systems. Yet the dearth of data on costs of urban sanitation in general, and resource-oriented systems in particular, limit opportunities to progress sustainable sanitation in low- and middle-income countries. This paper contributes empirical data on the life-cycle costs of a resource-oriented sanitation system in urban Sri Lanka, addressing a gap in evidence about how much it costs, and who pays, for a system that integrates fecal sludge management with nutrient capture and reuse. Costs across the system life-cycle were analyzed according to: (i) cost type; (ii) phases of the sanitation chain; and (iii) distribution between actors. Over a 25-year lifespan, the system had an annualized cost of USD 2.8/person or USD 11/m3 of septage treated. Revenue from co-compost sales covered reuse-related costs plus 8% of present value costs for other phases of the sanitation chain. Findings affirm both the potential for resource-oriented sanitation to generate revenue, and the need for substantial complementary investment in the overall system. The system was found to be reliant on household investment, yet financially viable from the service provider perspective with revenue from desludging services (89%) and co-compost sales (11%) that exceeded costs over the system lifespan and in most years. The analysis of total costs, financial perspectives, and reuse specifics contributes critical evidence to inform policy and planning that supports a purposeful and equitable transition towards circular economy approaches to sanitation.