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This book focuses on the evolution of technocracy in contemporary Chinese politics and its implications in China's elite politics and policymaking. The rise of technocracy in contemporary Chinese politics is not only attributed to the meritocratic tradition based on civil service exams in ancient China but also tied to the current authoritarian political system that relies on the top-down cadre promotion approach instead of public elections. Leaders with technocratic backgrounds have brought changes to China's political landscape since technocrats tend to solve governance issues using technical solutions in an industrialized society as compared to pure politicians and revolutionaries, who are inclined to resort to political, and sometimes populist, options. This book examines the specific tech areas from which top technocrats have been emerging in Chinese politics, which include military and aerospace industry, public health, engineering and science, economics and finance, as well as information technology. It is a unique research monograph based on research on China's evolving technocracy and its political, economic and international implications that provides a detailed and thorough study of the country's industrial policies being reshaped by these technocrats and their likelihood of joining the Chinese Communist Party's top echelon in the next five to ten years

This issue of the International Journal of Business Anthropology contains seven articles related to the practice of business anthropology in various countries. The first article makes two arguments about China's Belt and Road Initiative (also known as "One Belt, One Road") based on two case studies in Tashkurgan in Xinjiang province and Houqiao in Yunnan province of China. The second discusses factors that led to the popularity of a Japanese adult video (AV) actress in China since 2010. The third paper examines variances in the representational framing of gender-roles in advertisements across cultures by employing traditional Hofstedian dimensions in conjunction with recent paradigms of horizontal-vertical cultural orientations. The fourth explores the significance of anthropology in management education by analyzing business education in India, which is undergoing a profound paradigm shift to respond to the challenges arising out of the rapidly changing business environmental factors. The fifth article investigates socio-cultural, environmental, religious, gender, educational, and health-care factors affecting women's smoking in Yunnan, China. The sixth paper discusses two problems (the lack of knowledge and the weakness in control and monitoring system) that hamper the majority of Islamic microfinance cooperative institutions in Indonesia, and suggests solutions. The last article probes the mechanism of reform and development of the Chaoshan Chamber of Commerce in Shenzhen City (CCCSC). The innovation of the CCCSC in its operation is concerned with three important aspects of the reform, including strategic basis, financial strategy and organizational structure. The reform practice of the CCCSC provides new information for academic research on the governance of chambers of commerce in China.

Intro; Table of Contents; Statement of International Journal of Business Anthropology; Centralising Peripheries; The Chinese Intermediaries and the Cross-Cultural Migration of a Japanese Adult Video Actress; The Influence of Cultural Orientation on Gender Role Representations; The Relevance of Anthropology in Management Education in India; Tobacco Growing and Cultural Impacts on Smoking among Ethnic Minority Women in Yunnan, China; The Role of Internal Control System in Islamic Microfinance Cooperatives for Micro and Small Enterprises; Reform and Innovation in New Period

This issue of International Journal of Business Anthropology contains seven articles related to various aspects of business anthropology, from theories to practices. The first text discusses the concept of business anthropology, the second discusses the impact of economic development on ethnic and cultural diversity with reference to the concept of anomie, and the third explores changes in religious elites' authority regarding conflicts over tourism development. In the fourth article, consumer entrepreneurs are discussed, in relation to how they attain political legitimacy for their emerging industry in interaction with the state. This part also analyses the discourses made by consumer entrepreneurs who co-created the anti-fraudulence industry in China between 1994 and 2014. The fifth article answers questions concerning China's booming economy and its social-economic situation, while the sixth explores the effect of Consumer Ethnocentricity under the conditions of a persistent financial crisis. Lastly, the seventh part studies the practice of incorruptible construction in multinational enterprises in order to facilitate transnational corporations' culture consultations and reinforce incorruptible construction policies

Introduction -- Natural disaster management in ancient China -- From ROC to PRC: modernization of China's disaster management -- The reform era: institutional changes and evolution of norms -- Bureaucratic politics at the central level -- Central versus local -- Military forces in China's disaster management -- New challenges from popular politics: NGOs, commercial organizations, social media, and civic society -- "Reform 2.0": progress and limits -- China's natural disaster management: implications for non-democratic government -- Index

Introduction -- China's participation in global climate politics -- Is China's negotiating position responsible? -- China's energy and environmental bureaucracy -- Largest beneficiary from carbon trade -- China's effort to promote clean energy -- Controversial alternatives : great leap forward in hydro and nuclear energy -- Tianjin : model city of low-carbon economy -- Emerging civil society in China's climate politics -- Conclusion : motivations behind policy consistencies and variations.

In September 2019, Chinese President Xi Jinping urged the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) to gear up in countering imminent "struggles" and in achieving the ambitious "two centennial" targets amid the US–China trade war, Hong Kong unrest and a slowing economy. A novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak that erupted in Wuhan in October 2019 had scuppered China's timeline to achieve its targets. While China successfully curbed the spread of COVID-19 within its border, enormous challenges lie ahead for China to maintain its economic growth and social stability. The daunting combat against the COVID-19 pandemic marks the beginning of the testing time.

In recent decades, the increase in the frequency and the severity of natural disasters has posed growing challenges to governments' disaster response activities. Disasters can have a considerable financial impact on local governments, but this impact has not been systematically analyzed. This study assesses disaster impact using 17 years of panel data (between 1996 and 2012) from the city and county governments in New York state. The research examines many aspects of local governments' financial conditions, including liquidity, fund balance, and debt. It tests whether governments' financial conditions are affected by disasters and whether fiscal institutions moderate disasters' impacts. The results show that a local government's unreserved fund balance and disaster reserve significantly affect its financial condition, while financial condition indicators are not significantly impacted by natural disasters when the fiscal institution variables are controlled.

In March 2018, Chinese President Xi Jinping kick-started his second term at the annual National People's Congress, which amended the country's constitution to allow Xi to remain in power beyond his scheduled departure in 2023. Xi's power consolidation also came with the Party's reinforced Leninist control of state apparatus at various levels, corporations, civil society, the media and the academia. Party-State reforms in 2018 were a reversal of Party-State separation (dangzheng fenkai) initiated by Deng Xiaoping.

This paper examines the under-researched subject of the political and economic functions of Mainland Chinese enterprises in Hong Kong. The lack of effective cross-border supervision of these offshore state assets has exacerbated the longstanding principal–agent problem, resulting in spillover effects such as high property prices and worsening corporate corruption.

Xi Jinping started his second term as general secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and chairman of the Central Military Commission at the 19th Party Congress in October 2017. No heir apparent was installed at the congress, leading to greater speculation that Xi may continue to serve his third term after 2022. In February 2018, the CPC proposed to remove a constitutional clause limiting presidential service to just two terms in office.