Suchergebnisse

In this article, we examine multidimensional aspects of job quality in Canada. Six broad dimensions of job quality were assessed: income and benefits, career prospects, work intensity, working-time quality, skills and discretion, and social environment. Results from both descriptive and latent class analysis reveal a great deal of variation in job quality across sectors and socio-demographic groups. In particular, we found that some of the largest labour market segments, such as hospitality and personal services, are associated with many negative job features. Moreover, workers with atypical contracts or in part-time employment have many disadvantages in the workplace other than being low-paid.

ObjectiveThis article examines social mobility among the children of immigrants, whose population has become increasingly diverse over time.MethodsUsing data from Canadian censuses, we focus on group differences by racial minority status in two aspects: (1) intergenerational progress in educational attainment, which indicates the ability to achieve higher education regardless of parents' education, and (2) the relationship between education and labor market outcomes, which reveals the ability to convert educational qualifications into economic well‐being.ResultsOur analysis in general paints a very positive picture for the children of immigrants regarding the first aspect, while mixed results are evident for the second aspect. In particular, some racial minority groups are characterized by high educational attainment and average earnings, while some experienced low education mobility across generations and low labor market returns to education.ConclusionThe results suggest that there are divergent paths of socioeconomic integration among the second‐generation racial minority groups.

This article offers a cross-country overview of child poverty, changes in child poverty, and the impact of public policy in North America and Europe. Levels and changes in child poverty rates in 12 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries during the 1990s are documented using data from the Luxembourg Income Study project, and a decomposition analysis is used to uncover the relative role of demographic factors, labor markets, and income transfers from the state in determining the magnitude and direction of the changes. Child poverty rates fell noticeably in only three countries and rose in three others. In no country were demographic factors a force for higher child poverty rates, but these factors were also limited in their ability to cushion children from adverse shocks originating in the labor market or the government sector. Increases in the labor market engagement of mothers consistently lowered child poverty rates, while decreases in the employment rates and earnings of fathers were a force for higher rates. Finally, there is no single road to lower child poverty rates. Reforms to income transfers intended to increase labor supply may or may not end up lowering the child poverty rate.

This paper documents levels and changes in child poverty rates in 13 OECD countries using data from the Luxembourg Income Study project, and focusing upon an analysis of the reasons for changes over the 1990s. The objective is to uncover the relative role of income transfers from the state in determining the magnitude and direction of change in child poverty rates, holding other demographic and labour market factors constant. As such the paper offers a cross-country overview of child poverty, changes in child poverty, and the impact of public policy in North America and Europe.

This paper documents levels and changes in child poverty rates in 12 OECD countries using data from the Luxembourg Income Study project, and focusing upon an analysis of the reasons for changes over the 1990s. The objective is to uncover the relative role of income transfers from the state in determining the magnitude and direction of change in child poverty rates, holding other demographic and labour market factors constant. As such the paper offers a cross-country overview of child poverty, changes in child poverty, and the impact of public policy in North America and Europe.

Abstract The paper proposes and applies statistical tests for poverty dominance that check for whether poverty comparisons can be made robustly over ranges of poverty lines and classes of poverty indices. This helps provide both normative and statistical confidence in establishing poverty rankings across distributions. The tests, which can take into account the complex sampling procedures that are typically used by statistical agencies to generate household‐level surveys, are implemented using the Canadian Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID) for 1996, 1999, and 2002. Although the yearly cumulative distribution functions cross at the lower tails of the distributions, the more recent years tend to dominate earlier years for a relatively wide range of poverty lines. Failing to take into account SLID's sampling variability (as is sometimes done) can inflate significantly one's confidence in ranking poverty. Taking into account SLID's complex sampling design (as has not been done before) can also decrease substantially the range of poverty lines over which a poverty ranking can be inferred.

Dans cet article, nous montrons que, sur le plan du degré de scolarité, la situation des enfants nés au Canada de parents immigrants n'est que faiblement reliée au degré de scolarité de leurs parents: ce lien intergénérationnel est en effet environ trois fois plus important dans la population en général. Nous montrons également que la transmission intergénérationnelle du degré de scolarité n'a pas changé parmi les cohortes de naissance de la période d'après-guerre, et que l'on est plus susceptible d'observer une mobilité croissante de la fréquentation scolaire chez les Canadiens élevés par des immigrants ayant un faible degré de scolarité que chez les Canadiens élevés par des parents nés au pays. L'aspect positif de cette vision d'ensemble de la mobilité sociale entre les générations chez les immigrants doit toutefois être tempéré par le fait que certains enfants, et en particulier les garçons de certaines communautés, font face à des obstacles importants pour réussir à améliorer leur situation.