Suchergebnisse

In the first part of this paper, I will present and explain the Singapore Personal Data Protection Act ("PDPA") in the context of legislative developments in the Asian region and against the well-established international baseline privacy standards. In the course of the above evaluation, reference will be made to the national laws and policy on data privacy prior to the enactment of the PDPA as well as current social and market practices in relation to personal data. In the second part of this paper, I will decipher and assess the future trends in data privacy reform and the future development of the privacy regime in Singapore and beyond. In the course of this analysis, international standards, technological trends and recent legal developments in other jurisdictions will be considered.

This article examines user-generated content ("UGC") and the significance of re-inventions in the context of an increasingly user-centric internet environment and an information sharing society. It will explain the need to provide a statutory limitation in the form of an exception or exemption for socially beneficial UGC on the exclusive rights under copyright law. This will also have the effect of protecting the internet intermediary that hosts and shares UGC. Nascent but abortive attempts have been made by Canada to introduce just such a provision into her copyright legislation, while some principles and rules have also emerged from various interest groups and stakeholders in the attempt of providing a balanced approach towards UGC under the larger scheme of copyright objectives. Customary internet usages and norms relating to UGC will also be examined. These will be evaluated with a view to extracting useful guidelines to construct the parameters of a fair statutory limitation proposed for the legal reform of copyright law.

This article examines user-generated content ("UGC") and the significance of re-inventions in the context of an increasingly user-centric internet environment and an information sharing society. It will explain the need to provide a statutory limitation in the form of an exception or exemption for socially beneficial UGC on the exclusive rights under copyright law. This will also have the effect of protecting the internet intermediary that hosts and shares UGC. Nascent but abortive attempts have been made by Canada to introduce just such a provision into her copyright legislation, while some principles and rules have also emerged from various interest groups and stakeholders in the attempt of providing a balanced approach towards UGC under the larger scheme of copyright objectives. Customary internet usages and norms relating to UGC will also be examined. These will be evaluated with a view to extracting useful guidelines to construct the parameters of a fair statutory limitation proposed for the legal reform of copyright law.

This article examines user-generated content ("UGC") and the significance of re-inventions in the context of an increasingly user-centric internet environment and an information sharing society. It will explain the need to provide a statutory limitation in the form of an exception or exemption for socially beneficial UGC on the exclusive rights under copyright law. This will also have the effect of protecting the internet intermediary that hosts and shares UGC. Nascent but abortive attempts have been made by Canada to introduce just such a provision into her copyright legislation, while some principles and rules have also emerged from various interest groups and stakeholders in the attempt of providing a balanced approach towards UGC under the larger scheme of copyright objectives. Customary internet usages and norms relating to UGC will also be examined. These will be evaluated with a view to extracting useful guidelines to construct the parameters of a fair statutory limitation proposed for the legal reform of copyright law.

The Singapore dispute resolution landscape entered the new millennium with the reconstruction of the dual carriageway for arbitration. In 2002, the old road to arbitral resolution of disputes ( i.e. , the old Arbitration Act and the old International Arbitration Act ) were reconstructed and what emerged were two updated legislations: the Arbitration Act and the International Arbitration Act . At about the same time, the Singapore International Arbitration Centre (SIAC) also diversified with the introduction of a new set of Domestic Arbitration Rules.

Unsolicited messages have grown into an intractable parasite on the underbelly of an otherwise effectual and vibrant electronic communications regime. There has been a sudden surge in the enactment of anti-spam laws globally within the last couple of years. On 25 May 2004, the Infocomm Development Authority of Singapore and the Attorney-General's Chambers of Singapore jointly released a Consultation Paper on a Proposed Legislative Framework for the Control of E-mail Spam in Singapore. It is timely to consider the proposed anti-spam legislation model for Singapore in the light of such existing laws in other countries and their levels of effectiveness since their enactment in their respective jurisdictions. This article critically evaluates the suggested solutions contained in the Proposed Legislative Framework and makes some recommendations for changes to the model in order to render it a more powerful instrument to fight the problem.

New forms of communication technology often pose challenges to the copyright regime and have necessitated the rewriting of the scope of the exclusive rights and exceptions by the legislature, and, in some cases, by the courts in common law countries (as well as the Court of Justice of the European Union). These issues have arisen in different categories of digital technology, albeit with the same objective of streamlining and simplifying the delivery of copyright works to consumers. These categories include file storage and transfer operations offered by Peer-to-Peer technology, the space- and time-shifting functions of the early video and audio recording products, user-generated and industry content deliverable via new media streaming platforms, the 'live' streaming and time-shifting services offered by remote and wireless digital recording systems, file storage and sharing digital lockers and cloud technology. This article will examine the legality of Internet streaming and time-shifting technologies under copyright law, specifically in relation to the rights of 'reproduction' and 'communication to the public', through a comparative analysis of the jurisprudence in leading jurisdictions in recent times. Although the decisions are not always consistent, they do provide some helpful guidance in our assessment of the relative strengths and weaknesses of the various arguments made on both sides of the divide as well as of the prevailing judicial sentiment towards new technologies. In light of the continuing legal uncertainty faced by such technologies, the authors also offer suggestions as regards legislative amendments and alternative business models to ensure their continued existence in this harsh and highly competitive digital environment.

It is important to examine and determine the meaning of "personal data" as it is the subject matter of the Singapore Data Protection regime. What constitutes "personal data" determines the scope of the Personal Data Protection Act. Although it is defined under the Act, the experience in other jurisdictions has shown that the elements of that (and other forms of ) definition can still give rise to some difficulty in its application to specific cases. In this paper, the authors aim to provide some guidance and recommendations for the interpretation of "personal data" within the context of legislative intent and objective.

"'The data economy' is a term used by many, but properly understood by few. Even more so the concept of 'big data'. Both terms embody the notion of a digital world in which many transactions and data flows animate a virtual space. This is the unseen world in which technology has become the master, with the hand of the human less visible. In fact, however, it is human interaction in and around technology that makes data so pervasive and important - the ability of the human mind to extract, manipulate and shape data that gives meaning to it. This book outlines the findings and conclusions of a multi-disciplinary team of data scientists, lawyers and economists tasked with studying both the possibilities of exploiting the rich datasets made available from many human-technology interactions, and the practical and legal limitations in trying to do so. It revolves around a core case study of Singapore's public transport system, using data both from the private company operating the contactless payment system (EZ-Link) and the government agency responsible for public transport infrastructure (LTA). In analysing both the possibilities and the limitations of these datasets, the authors propose policy recommendations both in-terms of uses for large datasets and the legislation necessary to enable these uses while protecting the privacy of users"--

The terms "gaming" and "gambling" are fairly wide and they refer to a wide range of activities. Traditionally, the term "gambling" has been used to cover lotteries, wagers and casino-style games. "Gaming" has also been used traditionally in some literature to cover not only activities involving gambling but also games of skill or games predominantly of skill. However, in recent times, certain jurisdictions such as the United States ("US") and Australia have drawn a distinction between "online gaming" and "online gambling". The former is used to refer to games played in an online environment which do not have the elements of gambling and is not a subset of "online gambling". The relevant Singapore legislation has not expressly drawn such a distinction though the case law interpreting such legislation appear to be cognisant of it.