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AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 1970S, FEMINISM SEEMED TO BE ON THE RISE. IN 1972, CONGRESS PASSED THE EQUAL RIGHTS AMENDMENT, AND IN 1973, THE SUPREME COURT ASSERTED THAT A WOMAN'S RIGHT TO HAVE AN ABORTION WAS CONSTITUTIONALLY PROTECTED. YET, BY THE 1980S, THIS PICTURE HAD CHANGED CONSIDERABLY AS THE FORTUNES OF THE WOMEN'S LIBERATION MOVEMENT TOOK A DOWNWARD TURN. ON JUNE 30, 1982, THE DEADLINE FOR RATIFICATION OF THE E.R.A. PASSED WITHOUT IT GAINING THE REQUISITE NUMBER OF STATE VOTES. SIMILARLY, FEDERAL FINANCING OF ABORTIONS WAS SEVERELY CURTAILED IN THE LATE 1970S, AND THERE APPEARS TO BE A POSSIBILITY THAT A HUMAN LIFE AMENDMENT WILL BE PASSED SOMETIME BEFORE 1984.

Recently several studies have suggested that liberal/conservative self-identifications play a significant role in voting behavior & political perception. Implicit in this research, however, are two tenuous assumptions: that these identifications are bipolar in meaning & that underlying this bipolarity are cognitive meanings based on political issues. A model of ideological identifications is developed that emphasizes their symbolic & nondimensional origins & nature. Based on the 1976 & 1978 National Election Studies conducted by the Center for Political Studies, empirical analysis reveals strong support for the model. Specifically, ideological identifications are found to have largely symbolic meanings, a fact that helps to explain some findings concerning the relationship of the liberal/conservative continuum to political perception & behavior. 4 Tables, 3 Figures, 39 References. Modified HA.

THIS SYMPOSIUM FEATURES THREE CRITIQUES OF THE ARGUMENT ABOUT SCHEMA THEORY OFFERED BY JAMES H. KUKLINSKI, ROBERT C. LUSKIN, AND JOHN BOLLAND. FIRST, MILTON LODGE AND KATHLEEN M. MCGRAW RESPOND FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY. THEN PAMELA J. CONOVER AND STANLEY FELDMAN CONSIDER SCHEMA CONCEPTUALIZATION PRIMARILY IN TERMS OF PROBLEMS OF MEASUREMENT. FINALLY, ARTHUR H. MILLER OFFERS AN INFORMATION-PROCESSING APPROACH TO POLITICAL SCHEMAS.