Suchergebnisse

The transfer of the thematic relevance of media to public has been the mainaxis of the analysis proposed by the researches in setting agenda. Based on anempirical investigation, supported by a survey that included 643 representativecases of the citizens residing in the city of Buenos Aires, and in the studyof 20.000 journalistic news, this article presents data that aren't enough tosustain the hypothesis, but neither to reject it. On the other hand, it describesthe composition of a social public, economically and politically small, andvery prone to accept the media message. At the same time, it opens the doorto the introduction of new contingent factor son the study of the agenda effect, and takes up the hypothesis of communications in two steps, in whichthe political leaders play a relevant role. ; El traslado de la relevancia temática de medios a público ha sido el ejeprincipal del análisis propuesto por las investigaciones en agenda setting.Basado en una investigación empí­rica, sostenida en una encuesta queabarcó 643 casos representativos de los ciudadanos residentes en la Ciudadde Buenos Aires, y en el relevamiento de 20.000 noticias periodí­sticas, esteartí­culo presenta datos que no alcanzan para sostener la hipótesis, perotampoco para rechazarla. Por otra parte, se describe la composición de unpúblico social, económica y polí­ticamente compacto y muy proclive a aceptarel mensaje mediático. A la vez, abre la puerta para la introducción de nuevosfactores contingentes en el estudio del efecto agenda y retoma la hipótesisde la comunicación en dos pasos, en la que lí­deres polí­ticos juegan un papelrelevante.Palabras clave: agenda setting, medios de comunicación, opinión pública,lí­deres.

La fotografía y el cine documental tuvieron un papel protagónico en la construcción de la memoria de la Revolución mexicana y la definición de la nueva identidad nacional. Esta etapa construcción y definición supuso privilegiar y marginar ciertas imágenes, a la vez que, gracias a su ambigüedad o su debilidad semántica, se les reasignó significados a otras, con el propósito de forjar una Revolución favorable, es decir, una Revolución que corroborara las premisas de la retórica nacionalista. El presente artículo analiza cómo este proceso de "edición" repercutió en las representaciones de la violencia de la fotografía y el cine documental, uno de los aspectos más polémicos del movimiento revolucionario en tanto que, además de caos, evidencia proyectos culturales, políticos y sociales incompatibles. ; Photography and documentary flm had a leading role in the construction of the memory of the Mexican Revolution and the defnition of the new national identity. This stage of construction and defnition meant privileging and marginalizing certain images, while, thanks to their ambiguity or semantic weakness, they were reassigned meanings to others, with the purpose of forging a suitableRevolution, that is, a Revolution that corroborated the premises of nationalist rhetoric. This paper analyzes how this process of "editing" had repercussions in the representations of the violence of photography and documentary flm, one of the most polemical aspects of the revolutionary movement to the extent that, besides chaos, shows incompatible cultural, political and social projects

La fotografía y el cine documental tuvieron un papel protagónico en la construcción de la memoria de la Revolución mexicana y la definición de la nueva identidad nacional. Esta etapa construcción y definición supuso privilegiar y marginar ciertas imágenes, a la vez que, gracias a su ambigüedad o su debilidad semántica, se les reasignó significados a otras, con el propósito de forjar una Revolución favorable, es decir, una Revolución que corroborara las premisas de la retórica nacionalista. El presente artículo analiza cómo este proceso de "edición" repercutió en las representaciones de la violencia de la fotografía y el cine documental, uno de los aspectos más polémicos del movimiento revolucionario en tanto que, además de caos, evidencia proyectos culturales, políticos y sociales incompatibles.

This work was supported by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Science (TIN2016-8113-R, TIN2017-89517-P and TIN2017-83132-C2-2-R) and Universidad Politecnica de Madrid (PINV-18-XEOGHQ-19-4QTEBP) . Eneko Osaba and Javier Del Ser-would also like to thank the Basque Government for its funding support through the ELKARTEK and EMAITEK programs. Javier Del Ser-receives funding support from the Consolidated Research Group MATHMODE (IT1294-19) granted by the Department of Education of the Basque Government. ; Bio-inspired optimization (including Evolutionary Computation and Swarm Intelligence) is a growing research topic with many competitive bio-inspired algorithms being proposed every year. In such an active area, preparing a successful proposal of a new bio-inspired algorithm is not an easy task. Given the maturity of this research field, proposing a new optimization technique with innovative elements is no longer enough. Apart from the novelty, results reported by the authors should be proven to achieve a significant advance over previous outcomes from the state of the art. Unfortunately, not all new proposals deal with this requirement properly. Some of them fail to select appropriate benchmarks or reference algorithms to compare with. In other cases, the validation process carried out is not defined in a principled way (or is even not done at all). Consequently, the significance of the results presented in such studies cannot be guaranteed. In this work we review several recommendations in the literature and propose methodological guidelines to prepare a successful proposal, taking all these issues into account. We expect these guidelines to be useful not only for authors, but also for reviewers and editors along their assessment of new contributions to the field. ; Spanish Government TIN2016-8113-R TIN2017-89517-P TIN2017-83132-C2-2-R ; Universidad Politecnica de Madrid PINV-18-XEOGHQ-19-4QTEBP ; Basque Government IT1294-19 ; Department of Education of the Basque Government

Energy efficiency programmes (EEPs) are schemes operated by utilities or other bodies in order to incentivize energy efficiency improvement, in particular by adoption of energy-efficient products and typically by means of an economic reward. Ample experience has been gained, especially in the U.S., where EEPs have been in use for decades, with the rationale of avoiding additional energy supply by improving energy efficiency. More recently, EEPs have been implemented in Europe and in Switzerland. This review paper presents insights from the U.S., the EU and especially from Switzerland, with a focus on levelised programme cost of saved energy (LPC) as a key performance indicator. These LPC values, which take the perspective of the programme operator, are typically low to very low compared to the cost of electricity supply, thereby representing an important argument in favour of their use. The country examples show that EEPs are being effectively and successfully put into practice, for example, in Switzerland both as (i) a national tender-based scheme (called ProKilowatt) and in the form of a (ii) utility-operated obligation-based scheme (in Geneva). EEPs not only call for diligent implementation but also for suitable legal settings, e.g., in the form of mandatory energy efficiency savings targets (as realised for energy efficiency obligations, EEOs) in combination with programme cost recovery. The main criticism of EEPs is the free-rider effect, which needs to be minimised. On the other hand, EEPs are accompanied by significant co-benefits (environmental, health-related and social) and spillover effects. In their currently prevalent form, EEPs allow one to effectively save energy at a (very) low cost ("low-hanging fruit"). They can hence play an important role in fostering the energy transition; however, they should be implemented as part of a policy portfolio, in combination with other policy instruments.

Der Übergang zu erneuerbaren Energieträgern und die Einsparung von Energie sind wesentliche Bestandteile der Energie- und Klimapolitik. Energieeinsparungen können entweder durch erhöhte Energieeffizienz oder durch eine Reduktion der Nachfrage nach Energiedienstleistungen erzielt werden. In der Schweiz, wie auch der EU und den USA, ist die Verbesserung der Energieeffizienz ein zentraler Bestandteil der Politikmassnahmen. Das Potenzial von Energieeffizienzsteigerungen auszuschöpfen ist aber eine Herausforderung. Energieeffizienzprogramme (EEPs) schaffen Anreize für die Einführung energieeffizienter Lösungen. Sie können von Energieversorgungsunternehmen (EVUs) und anderen staatlichen oder nichtstaatlichen Einrichtungen umgesetzt werden. Weltweit betreiben Energieversorgungsunternehmen (EVUs) derartige EEPs in mehr als 50 Versorgungsgebieten im Rahmen von Energieeffizienzverpflichtungen oder Energieeffizienz-Ressourcenstandards. Dieses White Paper fasst die Forschung im Rahmen des SCCER CREST zusammen und leitet Lehren für die Schweiz ab.

Sarcopenia is a condition of muscle dysfunction, commonly associated with chronic liver disease (CLD), characterized by a decline in muscle strength, the activation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), and oxidative stress. We recently described a murine model of CLD-induced sarcopenia by intake of hepatotoxin 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC), which presents an increase in plasma bile acids (BA). BA induced skeletal muscle atrophy through a mechanism dependent on the Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5) receptor. In the present study, we evaluated the role of TGR5 signaling in the development of sarcopenia using a model of DDC-induced CLD in C57BL6 wild-type (WT) mice and mice deficient in TGR5 expression (TGR5(-/-) mice). The results indicate that the decline in muscle function and contractibility induced by the DDC diet is dependent on TGR5 expression. TGR5 dependence was also observed for the decrease in fiber diameter and sarcomeric proteins, as well as for the fast-to-slow shift in muscle fiber type. UPS overactivation, indicated by increased atrogin-1/MAFbx (atrogin-1) and muscle RING-finger protein-1 (MuRF-1) protein levels and oxidative stress, was abolished in tibialis anterior muscles from TGR5(-/-) mice. Our results collectively suggest that all sarcopenia features induced by the DDC-supplemented diet in mice are dependent on TGR5 receptor expression. ; National Fund for Science and Technological Development FONDECYT 1200944 1161646 1201039 1161288 1180983 1191145 11171001 Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy P09-016-F Programa de Cooperacion Cientifica ECOS-ANID C16S02 National Research And Development Agency (ANID), Government of Chile AFB180001 Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (CONICYT) AFB170005 Iniciativa Cientifica Milenio (ANID, Chile) Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (CONICYT) CONICYT FONDECYT 1200944

This work was supported by the contract OTRI-4408 between the University of Granada and the Royal Academy of Engineering of Spain financed by Ferrovial S.A. Eugenio Martinez Camara was supported by the Spanish Government fellowship programme Juan de la Cierva Incorporacion (IJC2018-036092-I). ; The United Nations Agenda 2030 established 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as a guideline to guarantee a sustainable worldwide development. Recent advances in artificial intelligence and other digital technologies have already changed several areas of modern society, and they could be very useful to reach these sustainable goals. In this paper we propose a novel decision making model based on surveys that ranks recommendations on the use of different artificial intelligence and related technologies to achieve the SDGs. According to the surveys, our decision making method is able to determine which of these technologies are worth investing in to lead new research to successfully tackle with sustainability challenges. ; University of Granada - Ferrovial S.A. OTRI-4408 ; Royal Academy of Engineering of Spain - Ferrovial S.A. OTRI-4408 ; Spanish Government fellowship programme Juan de la Cierva Incorporacion IJC2018-036092-I