Suchergebnisse

The main political bodies of the United Nations have been particularly diligent in dealing with the war in Ukraine even if to arrive at the condemnation of the Russian military aggression it was necessary to wait for the resolution ES-11/1 approved on March 2, 2022 by an overwhelming majority of countries members of the General Assembly. For its part, the Security Council met several times and it is no coincidence that a meeting was taking place on 24 February 2022 when President Putin announced the start of the "special military operation" in Ukraine. This dramatic diplomatic coup, mocking in method and substance, had the predictable outcome of the paralysis of the Council's decision-making process, blocked the next day by the abusive veto of the Russian Federation. The equally predictable sloth of the Western permanent members manifested itself first in the failure to contest the Russian veto and then in the completely "useless" recourse to the "Uniting for Peace" resolution in resolution 2623 (2022) adopted by the Council on February 27, 2022. All the main actors at stake did not have the "legal" courage to rely on international law and the United Nations Charter and limited themselves to feeding political propaganda in more or less questionable ways. In this disheartening picture characterized by the absence of authoritative and charismatic leaders on the international scene, the role of the Secretary General of the United Nations is simply not received.

Il presente contributo evidenzia come il cambiamento climatico abbia ormai delle implicazioni negative sia sul godimento dei diritti umani sia sulla pace e sulla sicurezza internazionale. Tale consapevolezza è ormai maturata nella comunità internazionale ed è alla base di una serie di dinamiche normative innovative nel diritto internazionale ed onusiano. Tuttavia stupisce che il Consiglio di sicurezza, nonostante l'evoluzione della sua prassi soprattutto negli ultimi anni, non abbia ancora adottato una risoluzione tematica sul binomio clima/sicurezza, peraltro più per l'opposizione politica russo-cinese che a causa di ostacoli giuridici. ; This contribution highlights how climate change now has negative implications both on the enjoyment of human rights and on international peace and security. This awareness has now matured in the international community and is the basis of a series of innovative normative dynamics in international and United Nations law. However, it is surprising that the Security Council, despite the evolution of its practice especially in recent years, has not yet adopted a thematic resolution on the climate / security binomial, moreover due to the Russian-Chinese political opposition than due to legal obstacles.

Mentre sul suolo patrio andava in scena la curiosa vicenda dell'accusa alle Ong umanitarie di complicità a vario titolo con i trafficanti di esseri umani nel Mediterraneo, l'8 maggio 2017, nel Palazzo di Vetro delle Nazioni Unite a New York la Procuratrice della Corte penale internazionale prendeva la parola dinanzi al Consiglio di sicurezza per presentare il 13° rapporto sulla situazione in Libia. Senza i soliti convenevoli diplomatici e con stile diretto la Procuratrice lanciava subito l'allarme che avrebbe impensierito chiunque, ma non i navigati rappresentanti degli Stati membri del Consiglio: "allow me to observe with profound regret that the overall security situation in Libya has deteriorated significantly since my last briefing to the Council last November. Reports indicate that the country is at risk of returning to widespread conflict". Secondo la Bensuda, tale epilogo militare determinerebbe una situazione di violazioni gravi e generalizzate dei diritti umani e del diritto internazionale umanitario che avrebbe come vittima sacrificale la popolazione civile. Ai nostri fini, la Procuratrice non si è limitata a paventare il rischio di una sanguinosa deriva in Libia dall'anarchia diffusa al conflitto generalizzato, ma ha fornito una rappresentazione veritiera dell'attuale e terribile situazione in cui si trova la moltitudine dei migranti in transito nel territorio libico: "I am deeply alarmed by reports that thousands of vulnerable migrants, including women and children, are being held in detention centres across Libya in often inhumane conditions. Crimes, including killings, rapes and torture, are alleged to be commonplace" (ibidem, p. 4). Come se ciò non bastasse, la Bensouda ha anche citato fonti credibili secondo cui "Libya has become a marketplace for the trafficking of human beings". ; While on the italian ground wnt on stage the curious story of the human rights NGO's complicity with various human traffickers in the Mediterranean, on May 8, 2017, at the United Nations Glass Palace in New York, the Procurator of the International Criminal Court took the floor before the Security Council to present the 13th report on the situation in Libya. Without the usual diplomatic ways and with direct style, the Prosecutor immediately launched the alarm that would have been alarmed by anyone, but not the navigated representatives of the Council Member States: "Let me observe with deep regret that the overall security situation in Libya has deteriorated significantly since my last briefing to the Council last November. Reports indicate that the country is at risk of returning to widespread conflict". According to Bensuda, this military epilogue would lead to a serious and generalized violation of human rights and international humanitarian law that would sacrifice the civilian population as a victim. For our purposes, the Prosecutor has not only evoked the risk of a bloody drift in Libya from the widespread anarchy to a generalized conflict, but has provided a realistic representation of the current and terrible situation of migrants that are in transit in Libyan territory: "I am deeply alarmed by reports that thousands of vulnerable migrants, including women and children, are being held in detention centers across Libya in often inhumane conditions. Crimes, including killings, rapes and torture, are alleged to be commonplace As if that were not enough, Bensouda also cited credible sources that "Libya has become a marketplace for the trafficking of human beings".

Il 9 ottobre 2015, al termine di un lungo e tormentato processo negoziale, il Consiglio di sicurezza ha adottato la risoluzione 2240 (2015) sulla crisi dei migranti nel Mediterraneo. La risoluzione in esame, approvata a stragrande maggioranza dal Consiglio con l'unica astensione del Venezuela, è stata adottata ai sensi del cap. VII della Carta delle Nazioni e contiene La tanto agognata autorizzazione all'uso della forza nella lotta al traffico di migranti e alla Tratta di esseri umani nel Mediterraneo. L'obiettivo perseguito dall'Unione europea di dare Copertura giuridica all'Operazione EU NAVFOR MED (rinominata "Operazione Sophia" il 28 settembre 2015) è stato infine raggiunto, ma è stato circondato da tali e tante limitazioni e cautele giuridiche da dare alla risoluzione un significato complesso ed articolato che viene analizzato nel presente contributo. ; On October 9, 2015, at the end of a long, troubled negotiating process, the Security Council adopted resolution 2240 (2015) on the crisis of migrants in the Mediterranean. This resolution, adopted by a large majority of the Council with the only abstention of Venezuela, was adopted under Chapter VII of the Charter of United Nations and contains the long-awaited authorization to use force in the fight against the trafficking of migrants and the trafficking of human beings in the Mediterranean. The European Union's objective of providing legal cover to Operation EU NAVFOR MED (renamed "Operation Sophia" on 28 September 2015) was finally achieved, but it was surrounded by so many limitations and legal safeguards to give the resolution a complex and articulated meaning that is analyzed in this contribution.