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Entre le front et la maison : émotions et affects de combattants du Hezbollah libanais engagés dans le conflit syrien
In: Critique internationale, Band 91, Heft 2, S. 45-65
ISSN: 1777-554X
L'exemple des combattants du Hezbollah libanais a ceci d'avantageux pour l'analyse de la dimension émotionnelle dans l'engagement armé qu'il permet de travailler sur une organisation partisane qui produit un entre-soi combattant chargé d'une forte dimension affective et qui effectue un « travail émotionnel » important afin de valoriser certaines émotions et d'en discréditer d'autres. J'interroge le rapport entre émotions et engagement chez certains combattants de ce parti politico-religieux armé engagés depuis 2012 sur les fronts syriens aux côtés des troupes du régime de Bachar al-Assad dans la guerre que celui-ci mène contre les factions armées rebelles et djihadistes, ainsi que contre toute forme d'opposition. J'analyse les émotions que ces combattants associent à l'expérience du feu ainsi que les continuités et/ou discontinuités des émotions et des valeurs entre l'expérience combattante d'un proche et le foyer domestique. Par une pratique ethnographique, je m'attache à mettre en évidence les enchantements et les désillusions, la fierté et le dégoût, qui accompagnent ces parcours, et rends compte ainsi du caractère évolutif et fluctuant de ces registres émotionnels en réfutant les analyses qui n'ont associé à ces parcours que des émotions positives.
Genre et militantisme au sein du Hezbollah libanais: Apprentissage militant et réenchantement du mondeGender and militantism within Hezbollah in Lebanon: Militant learning and re-enchantment of the world
In: Socio: la nouvelle revue des sciences sociales, Heft 11, S. 77-96
ISSN: 2425-2158
« On n'arrive jamais seul au parti »: Parcours d'engagement des jeunes au sein du Hezbollah libanais
In: Agora: débats, jeunesses, Band 80, Heft 3, S. 100-116
ISSN: 1968-3758
À partir d'une enquête ethnographique réalisée dans la banlieue sud de Beyrouth entre 2005-2011 et 2014-2016, cet article s'intéresse aux parcours militants de jeunes des classes populaires au sein du Hezbollah. Ce parti né au début des années 1980 en tant qu'organisation de lutte armée contre l'occupation israélienne au Liban (1982-2000) et qui n'a jamais abandonné les armes propose un modèle du « bon militant » totalement dévoué à l'institution et à la cause. Ce modèle d'engagement prévoit, pour les hommes qui veulent adhérer au parti, des sessions culturelles et militaires, car chaque membre du parti est un combattant potentiel. Dans une première partie, cet article s'intéresse aux modalités d'entrée en militance, aux rôles des socialisations primaires et secondaires et au « façonnage institutionnel » dans ce parti en référence à l'islam chiite. La deuxième partie de l'article interroge comment dans leurs pratiques quotidiennes ces jeunes combinent leurs intérêts et leurs activités de jeunesse avec ce choix de vie.
« La cause c'est nous » : militants du Hezbollah au Liban face à la guerre en Syrie
In: Confluences Méditerranée: revue trimestrielle, Band 98, Heft 3, S. 103-114
ISSN: 2102-5991
Cet article analyse la façon dont les militants du Hezbollah libanais ont adopté et vécu la décision du parti de s'engager militairement en Syrie, aux côtés des troupes de Bachar al-Assad. S'appuyant sur des entretiens biographiques avec des militants et des combattants dans la banlieue sud de Beyrouth, des observations ethnographiques et des sources secondaires, il éclaire les pratiques militantes au sein du Hezbollah depuis 2011. En dépit de la diversité d'attitudes de la part des militants vis-à-vis de cette intervention, l'article montre combien les ressorts de la loyauté au Hezbollah ne se limitent pas à la question de la résistance contre Israël, qui n'est qu'une déclinaison d'une cause plus générale.
LE HEZBOLLAH. MOBILISATION ET POUVOIR, Aurélie Daher, Paris, PUF, 2014, 480 pages
In: Politique étrangère: revue trimestrielle publiée par l'Institut Français des Relations Internationales, Band Printemps, Heft 1, S. XXXV-XXXV
ISSN: 1958-8992
LE HEZBOLLAH. MOBILISATION ET POUVOIR
In: Politique étrangère: PE ; revue trimestrielle publiée par l'Institut Français des Relations Internationales, Heft 1, S. 225
ISSN: 0032-342X
Engagements et désengagements combattants. Les émotions comme outil d'analyse
In: Critique internationale, Band 91, Heft 2, S. 163-181
ISSN: 1777-554X
The Atacama cosmology telescope: A measurement of the cosmic microwave background power spectra at 98and 150GHz
We present the temperature and polarization angular power spectra of the CMB measured by the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) from 5400 deg(2) of the 2013-2016 survey, which covers >15000 deg(2) at 98 and 150 GHz. For this analysis we adopt a blinding strategy to help avoid confirmation bias and, related to this, show numerous checks for systematic error done before unblinding. Using the likelihood for the cosmological analysis we constrain secondary sources of anisotropy and foreground emission, and derive a "CMB-only" spectrum that extends to l = 4000. At large angular scales, foreground emission at 150 GHz is similar to 1% of TT and EE within our selected regions and consistent with that found by Planck. Using the same likelihood, we obtain the cosmological parameters for Lambda CDM for the ACT data alone with a prior on the optical depth of tau = 0.065 +/- 0.015. Lambda CDM is a good fit. The best-fit model has a reduced chi(2) of 1.07 (PTE = 0.07) with H-0 = 67.9 +/- 1.5 km/s/Mpc. We show that the lensing BB signal is consistent with Lambda CDM and limit the celestial EB polarization angle to psi(P) = 0.07 degrees +/- 0.09 degrees. We directly cross correlate ACT with Planck and observe generally good agreement but with some discrepancies in TE. All data on which this analysis is based will be publicly released. ; National Science Foundation (NSF) AST0408698 AST-0965625 AST-1440226 PHY0355328 PHY-0855887 PHY-1214379 Princeton University University of Pennsylvania Canada Foundation for Innovation CFI under the Compute Canada Government of Ontario Ontario Research Fund \ Research Excellence University of Toronto Simons Foundation National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA) NNX13AE56G NNX14AB58G National Institute of Standards & Technology (NIST) - USA Cornell Presidential Postdoctoral Fellowship Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (CONICYT) BASAL CATA AFB-170002 National Science Foundation (NSF) AST-1814971 AST1454881 AST-1513618 AST-1907657 AST-1910021 National Research Foundation - South Africa STFC Ernest Rutherford Fellowship ST/M004856/2 STFC Consolidated Grant ST/S00033X/1 Horizon 2020 ERC Starting Grant 849169 Dicke Fellowship Mishrahi and Wilkinson funds CIfAR's Gravity & the Extreme Universe Program CGIAR Dunlap Institute
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CMB-S4: Forecasting Constraints on Primordial Gravitational Waves
Funding Information: The CMB-S4 collaboration ( https://cmb-s4.org/ ) is working to plan, construct, and operate a next-generation, multisite CMB experiment in the 2020s. The collaboration is led by an elected Governing Board, Spokespeople, Committee Chairs, and Executive Team. Funding for the CMB-S4 Integrated Project Office is provided by the Department of Energy's Office of Science (project level CD-0) and by the National Science Foundation through the Mid-Scale Research Infrastructure-R1 award OPP-1935892. This research used resources of Argonne National Laboratory, a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science User Facility operated under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. This document was prepared by the CMB-S4 collaboration using the resources of the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), a U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, HEP User Facility. Fermilab is managed by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC (FRA), acting under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359. Work at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory was supported by the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Work at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Contract No. DE-AC02-76SF00515. This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. In the United States, work on CMB-S4 by individual investigators has been supported by the National Science Foundation (awards 1248097, 1255358, 1815887, 1835865, 1852617, 2009469), the Department of Energy (awards DE-SC0009919, DE-SC0009946, DE-SC0010129, DE-SC0011784), and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (award ATP-80NSSC20K0518). In Australia, the Melbourne authors acknowledge support from an Australian Research Council Future Fellowship (FT150100074). In Canada, R.H. is supported by the Discovery Grants program from NSERC, and acknowledges funding from CIFAR, the Sloan Foundation, and the Dunlap family. In Italy, C.B. acknowledges support under the ASI COSMOS and INFN INDARK programs. In the Netherlands, D.M. acknowledges NWO VIDI award number 639.042.730. In Switzerland, J.C. is supported by an SNSF Eccellenza Professorial Fellowship (No. 186879). In the United Kingdom, A.L., G.F., and J.C. are supported by the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP/2007-2013)/ERC grant Agreement No. [616170]. A.L. also acknowledges STFC award ST/P000525/1. S.M. is supported by the research program Innovational Research Incentives Scheme (Vernieuwingsimpuls), which is financed by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research through the NWO VIDI grant No. 639.042.612-Nissanke and the Labex ILP (reference ANR-10-LABX-63) part of the Idex SUPER, received financial state aid managed by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche,as part of the program Investissements d'avenir under the reference ANR-11-IDEX-0004-02. Some computations in this paper were run on the Odyssey cluster, supported by the FAS Science Division Research Computing Group at Harvard University. Publisher Copyright: © 2022. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society. ; CMB-S4-the next-generation ground-based cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiment-is set to significantly advance the sensitivity of CMB measurements and enhance our understanding of the origin and evolution of the universe. Among the science cases pursued with CMB-S4, the quest for detecting primordial gravitational waves is a central driver of the experimental design. This work details the development of a forecasting framework that includes a power-spectrum-based semianalytic projection tool, targeted explicitly toward optimizing constraints on the tensor-to-scalar ratio, r, in the presence of Galactic foregrounds and gravitational lensing of the CMB. This framework is unique in its direct use of information from the achieved performance of current Stage 2-3 CMB experiments to robustly forecast the science reach of upcoming CMB-polarization endeavors. The methodology allows for rapid iteration over experimental configurations and offers a flexible way to optimize the design of future experiments, given a desired scientific goal. To form a closed-loop process, we couple this semianalytic tool with map-based validation studies, which allow for the injection of additional complexity and verification of our forecasts with several independent analysis methods. We document multiple rounds of forecasts for CMB-S4 using this process and the resulting establishment of the current reference design of the primordial gravitational-wave component of the Stage-4 experiment, optimized to achieve our science goals of detecting primordial gravitational waves for r > 0.003 at greater than 5 sigma, or in the absence of a detection, of reaching an upper limit of r < 0.001 at 95% CL. ; Peer reviewed
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