Suchergebnisse

Just a few months after the entry into force of the EU Framework Decision on the fight against organized crime, this book provides an unprecedented analysis of the national and European legislation on organized crime. The book provides a critical examination of the European policies and legal instruments to promote the harmonization and approximation of criminal law in this field (including the United Nations Convention on Transnational Organized Crime). The current level of harmonization among EU Member States and the approximation to the standards of the new Framework Decision are discussed in detail, with the help of tables, graphs and maps. The results highlight the problems surrounding the international legal instruments and the inconsistencies of the national approaches to combating organized crime.

This article analyses the impact of the 2008 Framework Decision on the Fight against Organized Crime (part of the Stockholm Programme) on the national legislations of the Member States. While this measure has been criticized by academics and policy makers in the last years, the Council will soon be called to evaluate it on the basis of a report by the Commission. On the basis of a comparative analysis of the relevant provisions in all the Member States, the article demonstrates the Framework Decision did not have any impact on national legislations and has not increased the level of harmonization among the Member States, with consequences on mutual trust and international cooperation in criminal matters. The findings suggest that the EU should reconsider its policy in the field of organized crime legislation.

International audience ; This article analyzes the European legal framework on cybercrime. Initially, it argues the challenges of cybercrime to traditional criminal justice systems. Subsequently, it focuses on the criminal law framework on cybercrime with a mainly European perspective. The European legal framework provides a three-path solution: the reduction of frictions among national legislations, the introduction of new investigative powers and the facilitation of international cooperation. The article presents and discusses each solution. Further, it argues that the effective implementation of the main legal instruments does not seem to depend on the legal enforceability of these international measures. Contrarily, other, non legal, factors such as national security, politics, the economy and the public opinion appear to stimulate the spontaneous implementation of the European legal framework. In this context, the added value of the EU action is rather low, although the Treaty of Lisbon and the Stockholm Programme may improve this situation in the long term.

"This article analyzes the European legal framework on cybercrime. Initially, it argues the challenges of cybercrime to traditional criminal justice systems. Subsequently, it focuses on the criminal law framework on cybercrime with a mainly European perspective. The European legal framework provides a three-path solution: the reduction of frictions among national legislations, the introduction of new investigative powers and the facilitation of international cooperation. The article presents and discusses each solution. Further, it argues that the effective implementation of the main legal instruments does not seem to depend on the legal enforceability of these international measures. Contrarily, other, non legal, factors such as national security, politics, the economy and the public opinion appear to stimulate the spontaneous implementation of the European legal framework. In this context, the added value of the EU action is rather low, although the Treaty of Lisbon and the Stockholm Programme may improve this situation in the long term." [auhtor's abstract]

AbstractThe growing research on co-offending over the life course is based on relatively small, general offending samples, followed for a short period, and from a limited set of countries. This study expands current knowledge by examining the relation of co-offending with age, criminal experience, crime type, and crime seriousness in a large sample of Italian serious organized crime offenders with criminal careers spanning between age 14 and late adulthood. The sample includes 160,262 offenses by 10,530 Italian mafia offenders. After preliminary descriptive statistics, random-effects logistic regressions estimate how age, criminal experience, crime type, and seriousness are independently related to the co-offending probability. Co-offending decreases only moderately with both the age and criminal experience of organized crime offenders, while more prolific offenders exhibit a stable co-offending prevalence as their experience increases. Co-offending varies significantly by crime type, and it is more frequent for more serious offenses. In line with previous research, co-offending has a relevant functional component even for organized crime offenders: results suggest it is instrumental to perpetrating specific offense types and more serious offenses. However, results also show that specific social and criminal contexts promote co-offending among older and more experienced offenders.

AbstractBid-rigging harms economies and societies. While existing research has primarily focused on quantifying the economic damages resulting from bid-rigging cartels, there is a relative dearth of studies exploring how firms interact and the specific techniques they use to rig tenders. Our paper examines the bidding behaviours associated with bid-rigging. Specifically, we investigate how cartel companies exploit legal opportunities, engage in joint and similar bidding and adapt tactics based on the number of colluding bidders. Our study relies on judicial evidence and a dataset of 1,242 companies (including 112 colluding entities) participating in 357 roadwork bid auctions in Italy. Through bootstrap logistic regressions, we analyse company-level indicators and their association with cartel involvement. The results reveal that cartels frequently exploit subcontracts and price similarity. Moreover, we find that bid-rigging tactics vary depending on the number of bidding cartel companies involved. When colluding companies are the majority of bidders, cartels rely on widespread member participation to cover a broad range of prices. Conversely, when cartel companies constitute less than half of the bidders, they tend to form temporary associations. These findings untangle the complexity inherent in cartel agreements and strategies, highlighting the importance of assessing firm interactions and relational patterns within co-bidding networks for a comprehensive understanding of collusive dynamics.

Note from the publisher Welmoed Spahr -- Foreword Ronald V Clarke -- Preface Francesco Calderoni and Stefano Caneppele -- Introduction Ugljesa Ugi Zvekic -- Bullying and juvenile delinquency : common risks, different outcomes : how to prevent recidivism Anna Costanza Baldry -- Script analysis for crime controllers : extending the reach of situational crime prevention Benoit Leclerc -- The future of crime statistics Chris Lewis -- Preventing crime in the United Arab Emirates Gloria Laycock -- Providing opportunities : a sixth column for the techniques of situational crime prevention Joshua D. Freilich and Graeme R. Newman -- Preventing crime and evoking altruism Ken Pease -- Policing and the problem of trust Roberto Cornelli -- Social capital and crime Uberto Gatti -- Women victimization risk of violence in Poland Beata Z. Gruszczyńska -- Criticising social indicators David Nelken -- Self-reports as a measure of crime? A theoretical approach to understanding its strengths and weaknesses Ineke Haen Marshall -- How to record data on community sanctions and measures and the work of probation agencies across Europe : the approach of the European sourcebook Jörg-Martin Jehle and Stefan Harrendorf -- Old and new criminality : territory, society and immigration in Italy Luigi M. Solivetti -- Analyzing bank robbery in Italy Marco Dugato -- Patterns of theft and fraud by employees against the commercial sector in Switzerland and in Italy Giulia Mugellini, Giang Ly Isenring and Martin Killias -- Immigrants as victims of crime William F. McDonald -- Prevention of corruption : Slovenian perspective Gorazd Meško, Bojan Dobovšek and Branko Ažman -- An international approach towards corruption Hans de Doelder -- Corruption Dutch style Hans Nelen --