Suchergebnisse

1. Introduction -- Part I. Policing -- 2. History of policing in America -- 3. Policing and race -- 4. Enhancing police accountability and legitimacy -- 5. Victim-oriented police reform -- 6. The future of policing reform -- 7. The future of policing reform -- Part II. Policy and sentencing -- 8. History of sentencing in the US -- 9. Sentencing guideline reform -- 10. Racial, ethnic and economic sentencing disparity -- 11. Bail reform -- 12. Case prosecution: intersection of race and class -- 13. Juvenile sentencing reform -- 14. Risk assessment in sentencing -- 15. Criminal justice policy reform -- Part III. Reentry. - 16. History of parole and probation in criminal justice -- 17. Mass probation: causes and consequences -- 18. Parole and probation from control to case management -- 19. Probation officers as coaches -- 20. Juvenile probation reform -- 21. Prisoner reentry program -- 22. The future of parole -- Part IV. Treatment. - 23. History of treatment in the criminal justice system -- 24. New directions in the treatment of offenders with persistent mental illness -- 25. Good lives model and integration of strengths based approaches -- 26. Engaging offenders in treatment: motivational interviewing -- 27. Trauma informed care -- 28. Education programs -- 29. Treatment of youthful offenders -- 30. The role of criminal justice in substance abuse treatment -- Part V. Alternatives to incarceration -- 31. Prevention programs -- 32. Police diversion programs -- 33. Drug courts -- 34. Mental health courts -- 35. Alternatives to youth incarceration -- 36. Electronic monitoring of offenders -- 37. Restorative justice: victim-offender mediation. Part VI. Conclusion -- 37. The Future of Criminal Justice Reform.

Sexual violence against our children is a real, everyday danger. Unfortunately, not many of us know the right way to think about and address such a sensitive topic. Protecting Your Child From Sexual Abuse empowers parents and educators by providing knowledge about a subject that is hard for many to discuss. Seeking both to dispel misconceptions, this guide presents accessible and comprehensive evidence to equip guardians with practical solutions designed to keep kids of all ages -- from child to tween to teen -- safe from sex crimes. Learn about the realities of child sex offenders, how online registries function, what threats and risks exist online, what to do if you suspect abuse, and how to develop honest communication with your children. With key points and discussion group questions, this is a necessary guide for any community group to develop sexual violence prevention strategies that will make a difference

Introduction -- The Role of Evidence Based Interventions in Forensic Settings -- Part I -- Current Models of Correctional Treatment -- The Historic Roots, Current Status, and Future Applications of the Risk-Needs-Responsivity Model (RNR) -- Protective Factors and the Good Lives Model: Combining Positive Approaches to Assessment and Treatment -- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Forensic Treatment -- Part II -- Clinical Factors Contributing to Treatment Outcome in Corrections -- The Role of the Therapeutic Alliance in Offender Therapy -- Therapist-Related Factors in Correctional Treatment -- Diversity Considerations in the Application of Evidence-Based Interventions with Forensic Clients -- Part III -- Adaptation of Evidence Based Treatment to Corrections -- Adapting Dialectical Behavior Therapy for Use in Correctional Settings -- Incorporating Principles of Trauma-Informed Care Into Evidence-Based Sex-Offending Treatment -- Can Mindfulness Make Prison a Heathier Place? -- Motivational Interviewing with Court-Ordered Populations -- Assertive Community Treatment with People with Combined Mental Illness and Criminal Justice Involvement -- Multisystemic Therapy for Serious Juvenile Offenders: From Development to Dissemination -- Treatments that Work for Intimate Partner Violence: Beyond the Duluth Model -- Can Psychopathy be Treated? What the Research Tell Us -- Conclusion -- Where Do We Go from Here?

This book reviews how new and promising evidence-based interventions are being used with those involved in the criminal justice system. While there has been an increased emphasis on evidence-based practice within forensic treatment, there remains a disjoint between what we know works and adapting these interventions to those involved in the criminal justice system. This book seeks to bridge that gap by providing an overview of what we know works and how that information has been translated into offender treatment. In addition, it highlights avenues where additional research is needed. This book is comprised of three parts: In the first part, current models of correctional treatment including the Risk, Needs, Responsivity Model, The Good Lives Model and Cognitive Behavioral Models are presented. In the second part, the chapters address clinical issues such as the therapeutic alliance, clinician factors, and diversity related issues that impact treatment outcome. In the third and final part of the book, adaptions of innovative and cutting-edge evidence-based treatments such as Dialectical Behavior Therapy, Trauma Informed Care, Mindfulness, Motivational Interviewing, Assertive Community Treatment, Multisystemic Treatment, New frontiers in Intimate Partner Violence treatment, and the current research on the treatment of those with psychopathy are presented. Research supporting these treatment approaches targeting areas such as self-management, psychological well-being, treatment engagement and retention and their relationship to recidivism will be reviewed, while their adaptation for use with forensic populations is discussed. The book concludes with the editors' summary of the findings and a discussion of the future of evidence-based interventions within the field of forensic psychology.--

The purpose of this edited volume is to examine the disconnect in the sexual violence prevention field between legislation, research and practice. The work is focused primarily on United States policies and initiatives, with key case studies internationally. Contributions show that current policies are mainly based on repeat offenders: residence restrictions, registration and notification statutes, and post-sentence initiatives. While these initiatives address public fears, they are not evidence-based and do not necessarily reduce offending. Research shows that post-sentence policies may destabilize offenders and limit their ability to reintegrate with society at a critical period, therefore increasing the chances of recidivism. Furthermore, the majority of sex crimes (95%) are committed by first time offenders. This innovative book is divided into two parts juxtaposing what is currently being done legislatively with what the research evidence suggests would be best practice.

There has been limited conclusive research examining the personality characteristics of clergy who perpetrate abuse. To address this dearth of research, the current study aimed to develop a personality profile that distinguishes clergy members who sexually abuse children from other clergy. Personality and psychopathology were assessed using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory–2 (MMPI-2) and the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory–III (MCMI-III). Data were analyzed from a sample of clergy members, who comprised four comparison groups: clergy members referred to treatment for (a) child sexual abuse, (b) sexual misconduct with adults, (c) general clinical problems, or (d) routine employment evaluations with no previously identified clinical or sexual issues. While differences were found between groups, only the Aggressive/Sadistic scale of the MCMI-III consistently distinguished clerics who sexually abused children from all other clergy members. Findings are discussed in regard to the utility of the MMPI-2 and MCMI-III as a screening tool for clerical applicants for the Catholic Church.

There has been little research on the sexual offending behavior of different racial groups. This study compares the characteristics and risk factors for American, non-Hispanic Whites ( n =797) and Blacks ( n = 788) who had been convicted of a sexual crime in New Jersey. The results indicated that Whites appeared more paraphilic whereas Blacks displayed higher antisociality. Despite the differences, however, the Static-99R, sexual recidivism risk tool, predicted equally well for both racial groups: Whites (area under the curve [AUC] = .76) and Blacks (AUC = .78). The findings suggest that there may be opportunities to improve treatment for the individuals at risk for sexual offending by tailoring interventions to the distinctive risk-relevant characteristics of Whites and Blacks.

Research examining ethnic and cultural differences among individuals who commit sex offenses remains limited. Specifically, literature focusing on sex offenses committed by Latinos is scarce. Using archival data from a large sample of individuals who committed sex offenses, this study explored differences between Latino, White, and African American individuals related to their characteristics, the offenses, and the victims. Latinos in the sample were more likely to have a lower educational level, and to be living with the victim, than either their White or African American counterparts. To further understand the influence of cultural background, the study also examined differences within the Latino group based on their country of origin. Within the Latino sample, differences emerged in their educational level, criminal background, and psychiatric history. These findings are discussed as they pertain to future research and current practices related to the management and treatment of Latinos who commit sexual offenses.

The predictive validity of the Static-99 measures with ethnic minorities in the United States has only recently been assessed with mixed results. We assessed the predictive validity of the Static-99 and Static-99R with a sample of Latino sex offenders ( N = 483) as well as with two subsamples (U.S.-born, including Puerto Rico, and non-U.S.-born). The overall sexual recidivism rate was very low (1.9%). Both the Static-99 measures were able to predict sexual recidivism for offenders born in the United States and Puerto Rico, but neither was effective in doing so for other Latino immigrants. Calibration analyses ( N = 303) of the Static-99R were consistent with the literature and provided support for the potential use of the measure with Latinos born in the United States and Puerto Rico. These findings and their implications are discussed as they pertain to the assessment of Latino sex offenders.

Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a serious problem not only in the community but also in institutional settings such as youth-serving organizations, churches, and schools. Although research has started to examine the problem of abuse in institutional settings, there remains a dearth of information about the nature and context of CSA in different employment settings, including those that do not specifically cater to children. In addition, research on the similarities and differences between perpetrators who work with children and other sex offenders is scarce. As such, the present study compared offenders on variables relating to financial/employment lifestyle stability, risk/dangerousness level, abuse opportunity, and victim selection. Data revealed that child abusers who worked with children tended to be better educated, were less likely to be married, had fewer nonsexual convictions, and were more likely to abuse male post-pubescent children compared with intra- and extra-familial offenders who did not work with children. Implications for future research, prevention of CSA, and clinical practice are discussed.

Despite indications that acts of frotteurism and exhibitionism are frequent occurrences, these sexual paraphilias have received little empirical attention. To address this gap in our knowledge about these paraphilias, 459 undergraduate students in a major metropolitan city completed a self-report measure designed to investigate the frequency and correlates of frotteurism and exhibitionism. Results indicate a high rate of victimization among female college students for both paraphilias. Furthermore, acts of frotteurism and exhibitionism most often occurred in places related to public transportation (e.g., subway trains or platforms) in this urban setting. In addition, victims reported a number of negative outcomes as a consequence of victimization, including feelings of violation, changes in behavior, and even long-term psychological distress. Older females were the most likely to be victimized. These findings are discussed as they pertain to the prevention and deterrence of paraphilic sexual acts.

Educator sexual misconduct is a serious problem in the United States (U.S.), with a 2004 Department of Education report estimating that 9.6% of K-12 students in the U.S. had experienced either verbal, visual, or physical educator misconduct at some point during their school career. However, since that report almost 20 years ago, there have been few large-scale studies examining the extent of the problem. As such, the current study, which uses a large sample from recent high school graduates in four U.S. states, offers updated data on the nature and scope of sexual misconduct in educational settings. Overall, 11.7% of the 6632 participants reported having experienced at least one form of educator sexual misconduct during Grades K-12, with 11% reporting sexual comments and less than 1% reporting other forms of sexual misconduct (e.g., receiving sexual photos/messages, being kissed, touched sexually, or engaging in sexual intercourse/oral sex). Those who reported misconduct showed significantly more difficulties in current psychosocial functioning than those who did not report educator misconduct. Academic teachers most often perpetrated the abuse (63%), followed by coaches and gym teachers (20%). Educators who engaged in sexual misconduct were primarily male (85%), whereas students who reported experiencing educator misconduct were primarily female (72%). Rates of disclosure to authorities were very low (4%) and some sexual grooming behaviors like gift giving (12%) and showing special attention (29%) were reported. These findings will be discussed as they pertain to the prevention of sexual misconduct within educational settings.