Suchergebnisse

La tertulia política se considera un género opinativo coral sin una codificación clara. Su amplia presencia en el ecosistema mediático español y sus niveles de audiencia son factores que apuntan al papel central de estos espacios en las programaciones convencionales de televisión y radio. La flexibilidad del género en la construcción del discurso político y la aparente pluralidad ideológica de sus actores hacen de la tertulia un espacio idóneo para detectar elementos de espectacularización de los contenidos políticos como la personalización, la dramatización, la entronización de la anécdota o la argumentación emocional. Se analizan las tertulias televisivas diarias de dos televisiones de ámbito autonómico -Televisió de Catalunya (TV3) y 8TV- y una local, Barcelona TV, durante la campaña electoral municipal de Barcelona (2015). El objetivo es detectar la presencia y articulación de elementos de espectacularización mediática. ; Political talk shows -called "tertulias" (media gatherings) in Spain- are a dialogical opinion genre without a clear codification. Their wide-ranging presence and large audiences in the Spanish media system are the reason for the central role of this type of programming in radio and television. These political media gatherings allow for a flexible political discourse process. However, the selection of "opinion-makers" shows a "false" internal plurality that facilitates the spectacularization of political content through the political personification and dramatization of personal anecdotes which heighten the emotional register. In this article two daily regional TV political talk shows -one public (Televisió de Catalunya, TV3) and one private (8TV)- and one public local broadcaster (Barcelona Televisió, BTV) are analyzed to detect elements of spectacularization from the campaigns of Barcelona's local elections (2015).

The market value of crustaceans depreciates during storage due to the appearance of melanosis caused by polyphenol oxidases. Sulfite derivatives are used as melanosis-inhibiting agents, but their unhealthy effects make it preferable to replace them with natural preservatives. In this work, a crude enzymatic extract from whiteleg shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) was characterized and used to test the diphenol oxidase-inhibiting activity of polyphenol extracts of five underutilized halophyte plants, namely crystalline ice plant, seaside arrowgrass, purslane, sea fennel, and seashore aster. The extracts inhibited diphenol oxidase activity more efficiently than sodium sulfite. The purslane extract was rich in isoorientins, isovitexin, and apigenin, and showed the highest inhibiting effect, being this classified as mixed or non-competitive. Hydroxyl groups in the phenyl B ring could be responsible for the inhibitory activity of the extract. The polyphenol extracts tested in this work could be promising melanosis-inhibiting agents of interest for seafood industries. ; This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness project (grant number AGL2014-52825-R) and cofounded with European Union ERDF funds (European Regional Development Fund). Author A. Tzamourani was funded by the Erasmus Program. ; Peer reviewed

Marta M. Calvo thanks NATO for financial support during the course of this work. This research was also funded by the Scottish Government's Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services. ; Peer reviewed

This paper analyses the size of the border effect or home bias within the European Union (EU) with the aim to quantify its impact in the trade integration process which started in 1992. The gravity model serves as a general framework where the use of sectoral data allows obtaining a more accurate measure of the border effects. The econometric analysis applied to a gravity model that contains a high disaggregation in the data introduces heteroskedasticity problems together with the presence of zero values, therefore, in order to obtain consistent estimates, the use of the Poisson Pseudo-Maximum Likelihood estimation method is recommended. Our results show that the bilateral trade ?ows depend upon the size and proximity of the trade partners, together with other variables as adjacency or language. Evidence in favour of a positive and diminishing border effect has been found for the period 1995-2006 and it accounts for 20% to 22% within the EU-19. ; Este artículo se centra en el estudio de la evolución de la integración comercial en la Unión Europea. Para ello se ha utilizado un enfoque basado en los efectos frontera aplicado sobre diecinueve países europeos durante el periodo 1995-2006. Hemos empleado un modelo gravitatorio como marco de análisis, en el que los ?ujos bilaterales de comercio dependen del tamaño económico de los países y la distancia que les separa. Además, hemos considerado otras variables como el idioma o el hecho de compartir frontera terrestre. Con el ?n de obtener estimadores consistentes, evitar la posible heteroscedasticidad y tratar de una manera correcta la presencia de ceros en la muestra se ha empleado el método de estimación de pseudo-máxima verosimilitud de Poisson. Los resultados evidencian la existencia de efectos frontera en la UE, no obstante, dichos efectos frontera han disminuido a lo largo del periodo analizado alrededor de un 20-22% para la UE-19.

This paper intends to combine two fields in the economic literature by examining empirically the FDI pattern –horizontal versus vertical– within the European Union and the relevance of trade integration as a potential determinant of investment flows over the period 1995-2009. We capture trade integration by estimating the magnitude and evolution of the home bias or border effect rather than by using other indicators such as the openness rate or the existence of tariffs and non-tariff barriers. We find that, for the particular case of the EU, it is not possible to strictly discriminate between horizontal or vertical FDI. The market-seeking strategy appears to be more important than factor-proportion related motivations; however, the robust relationship of complementarity between trade integration and FDI provides at least one argument in support of vertical FDI and suggests that the vertical model cannot be dismissed entirely.

The objective of this paper is to examine the relationship between international trade and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) empirically. It analyses whether the reduction of trade barriers over time has increased FDI for the particular case of the European Union (EU) during the period from 1995 to 2009. To analyze this issue the authors estimate in first place the European Border Effect by means of a gravity equation. Once the border effect is obtained we test whether there is a positive (complementary) or negative (substitution) relationship between this border effect and the FDI within the European countries. A gravity model for trade and FDI is estimated using the Poisson pseudo-maximum likelihood. The results suggest that there is a positive and decreasing border effect up to 2007 while it turns upward for 2008 and 2009, offsetting the previous decline. For the particular case of the EU, commercial integration and FDI reinforce each other, thus being complements rather than substitutes. In addition to trade integration measures, this paper also analyzes the potential role of other traditional determinants of FDI, as the market size of the host country and the cost differential among home-host economies. Cost differentials are not as relevant as the possibility of gaining market share which leads us to conclude that in the EU the FDI pattern follows a market-seeking strategy rather than a cost-efficient model.

This paper analyses the size of the border effect or home bias within the European Union (EU) with the aim to quantify its impact in the trade integration process which started in 1992. The gravity model serves as a general framework where the use of sectoral data allows obtaining a more accurate measure of the border effects. The econometric analysis applied to a gravity model that contains a high disaggregation in the data introduces heteroskedasticity problems together with the presence of zero values, therefore, in order to obtain consistent estimates, the use of the Poisson Pseudo-Maximum Likelihood estimation method is recommended. Our results show that the bilateral trade flows depend upon the size and proximity of the trade partners, together with other variables as adjacency or language. Evidence in favour of a positive and diminishing border effect has been found for the period 1995-2006 and it accounts for 20% to 22% within the EU-19. ; Este artículo se centra en el estudio de la evolución de la integración comercial en la Unión Europea. Para ello se ha utilizado un enfoque basado en los efectos frontera aplicado sobre diecinueve países europeos durante el periodo 1995-2006. Hemos empleado un modelo gravitatorio como marco de análisis, en el que los flujos bilaterales de comercio dependen del tamaño económico de los países y la distancia que les separa. Además, hemos considerado otras variables como el idioma o el hecho de compartir frontera terrestre. Con el fin de obtener estimadores consistentes, evitar la posible heteroscedasticidad y tratar de una manera correcta la presencia de ceros en la muestra se ha empleado el método de estimación de pseudo-máxima verosimilitud de Poisson. Los resultados evidencian la existencia de efectos frontera en la UE, no obstante, dichos efectos frontera han disminuido a lo largo del periodo analizado alrededor de un 20-22% para la UE-19.

ABSTRACT. This paper analyses the size of the border effect or home bias within the European Union (EU) with the aim to quantify its impact in the trade integration process which started in 1992. The gravity model serves as a general framework where the use of sectoral data allows obtaining a more accurate measure of the border effects. The econometric analysis applied to a gravity model that contains a high disaggregation in the data introduces heteroskedasticity problems together with the presence of zero values, therefore, in order to obtain consistent estimates, the use of the Poisson Pseudo-Maximum Likelihood estimation method is recommended. Our results show that the bilateral trade flows depend upon the size and proximity of the trade partners, together with other variables as adjacency or language. Evidence in favour of a positive and diminishing border effect has been found for the period 1995-2006 and it accounts for 20% to 22% within the EU-19. ; RESUMEN. Este artículo se centra en el estudio de la evolución de la integración comercial en la Unión Europea. Para ello se ha utilizado un enfoque basado en los efectos frontera aplicado sobre diecinueve países europeos durante el periodo 1995-2006. Hemos empleado un modelo gravitatorio como marco de análisis, en el que los flujos bilaterales de comercio dependen del tamaño económico de los países y la distancia que les separa. Además, hemos considerado otras variables como el idioma o el hecho de compartir frontera terrestre. Con el fin de obtener estimadores consistentes, evitar la posible heteroscedasticidad y tratar de una manera correcta la presencia de ceros en la muestra se ha empleado el método de estimación de pseudo-máxima verosimilitud de Poisson. Los resultados evidencian la existencia de efectos frontera en la UE, no obstante, dichos efectos frontera han disminuido a lo largo del periodo analizado alrededor de un 20-22% para la UE-19.

The recent interest in diversification in food consumption and the current salinization and desertification processes of farmland have placed the focus on halophytic plants as new food, making necessary the characterization of their biochemical composition and the identification of possible bioactive compounds. In this work, three edible halophytic plants were characterized: common iceplant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum), sea fennel (Crithmum maritimum), and seaside arrowgrass (Triglochin maritima). The plants studied were a good source of minerals. Sea fennel showed high contents of dietary fibre and calcium (8.5 ppm, wet weight), common iceplant had a high potassium content (6500 ppm, wet weight), while seaside arrowgrass presented high levels of iron (62 ppm, wet weight). The glucose content of the three species was below 30 mg/g per dried weight. The Sb, Pb, Cr, As, Cd, and Hg content was negligible. Polyunsaturated fatty acids, mainly α-linolenic and linoleic acid, prevailed in the three species analyzed. Hydroxycinnamic and hydroxybenzoic acids predominated in common iceplant and sea fennel. Glycosylated flavones, especially isoorientin, prevailed in seaside arrowgrass. These plants present a relevant nutritional profile for which their use as foods or ingredients should be promoted. ; This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness project under Grant (number AGL2014-52825-R) and cofounded with European Union ERDF funds (European Regional Development Fund). Author Sánchez-Faure was also funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (fellowship number BES-2015-074420). ; Peer reviewed