Suchergebnisse

Product innovation, production and marketing, results from the interaction among several actors. Thus, the hub extension model of the governmental program MasAgro seeks to be a space in which farmers, extension workers, input suppliers, government, teaching and research institutions, among others, interact with each other to generate individual and collective well-being through innovation. The aim of this work was to analyze the relational structures within the hubs. For this, we carried out direct interviews to 457 actors from 10 agroecological regions that comprise the hubs of the maize system in Mexico. Measurements recorded are density, closeness, transitivity, and relationships diversity indicators; and twice during the analysis: baseline and final line, through the social networks analysis methodology. A "t" test of related samples revealed that for the first three indicators, there is a statistically significant difference between the moments in time the analysis was carried out (p < 0.05). This indicates that in the hub the interaction between the actors have been managed, and has become a space in which local structure has been generated and relational capital has been maintained; and these are the basis of social capital necessary for the development of innovation processes in the rural sector. These findings can be useful for program managers and policy makers as a complementary tool for evaluating intervention strategies in the sector. ; La innovación, producción y comercialización de un producto resulta de la interacción entre una diversidad de actores. Así, el modelo de extensión Hub del programa gubernamental MasAgro busca ser un espacio en el que agricultores, extensionistas, proveedores de insumos, instituciones gubernamentales y de enseñanza e investigación, entre otros, interactúen entre sí con el fin de generar bienestar individual y colectivo a través de la innovación. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar las estructuras relacionales dentro de los Hubs. Para tal efecto, se aplicaron entrevistas directas a 457 actores de 10 regiones agroecológicas que conforman los Hubs del sistema maíz en México. Se midieron los indicadores de densidad, cercanía, transitividad y diversidad de relaciones en dos momentos de análisis: línea base y línea final, mediante la metodología de análisis de redes sociales. Una prueba "t" de muestras relacionadas reveló que para los tres primeros indicadores existe diferencia estadística significativa entre momentos analizados (p<0,05), lo que indican que en el Hub se ha gestionado la interacción entre los actores, ubicándolo como un espacio en el que se ha generado estructura local y se ha mantenido el capital relacional, bases del capital social necesario para el desarrollo de procesos de innovación en el sector rural. Estos hallazgos pueden servir a responsables de programas y diseñadores de políticas como una herramienta complementaria de evaluación de estrategias de intervención en el sector.

Innovation, production and marketing of a product results from the interaction between a variety of actors. Thus, the Hub extension model of the governmental program MasAgro seeks to be a space in which maize farmers, extensionists, suppliers of inputs, government, teaching and research institutions, among others, interact with each other to generate individual and collective well-being through innovation. The objective of this work was to analyze the relational structures within the Hubs. To this effect, direct interviews were applied to 457 actors from 10 agroecological regions that make up the Hubs of the maize system in Mexico. The indicators of density, closeness, transitivity and diversity of relationships were measured in two moments of analysis: baseline and final line, through the methodology of analysis of social networks. A "t" test of related samples revealed that for the first three indicators there is a statistically significant difference between moments analyzed (p <0.05), which indicates that the interaction between the actors has been managed in the Hub, placing it as a space in which local structure has been generated and relational capital has been maintained, bases of social capital necessary for the development of innovation processes in the rural sector. These findings may serve program managers and policy makers as a complementary tool for evaluating intervention strategies in the sector. ; La innovación, producción y comercialización de un producto resulta de la interacción entre una diversidad de actores. Así, el modelo de extensión Hub del programa gubernamental MasAgro busca ser un espacio en el que agricultores, extensionistas, proveedores de insumos, instituciones gubernamentales y de enseñanza e investigación, entre otros, interactúen entre sí con el fin de generar bienestar individual y colectivo a través de la innovación. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar las estructuras relacionales dentro de los Hubs. Para tal efecto, se aplicaron entrevistas directas a 457 actores de 10 regiones agroecológicas que conforman los Hubs del sistema maíz en México. Se midieron los indicadores de densidad, cercanía, transitividad y diversidad de relaciones en dos momentos de análisis: línea base y línea final, mediante la metodología de análisis de redes sociales. Una prueba "t" de muestras relacionadas reveló que para los tres primeros indicadores existe diferencia estadística significativa entre momentos analizados (p<0,05), lo que indican que en el Hub se ha gestionado la interacción entre los actores, ubicándolo como un espacio en el que se ha generado estructura local y se ha mantenido el capital relacional, bases del capital social necesario para el desarrollo de procesos de innovación en el sector rural. Estos hallazgos pueden servir a responsables de programas y diseñadores de políticas como una herramienta complementaria de evaluación de estrategias de intervención en el sector.

Despite international commitments to integrate indigenous peoples and their Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) in actions combating climate change, their inclusion remains limited. Integrating TEK with scientific knowledge has become particularly important in sectors such as agriculture, which both contributes to and is affected by climate change. While there is a general recognition that integrating TEK will contribute to climate change adaptation, agricultural interventions have made little progress in achieving this due to the assumption of a clear divide between TEK and scientific knowledge. This paper considers that knowledge integration is already occurring, but in contexts of economic, sociocultural, and political inequalities. We elaborate on the case of traditional weather forecasting methods used by Mayan indigenous farmers in Mexico's Yucatán Peninsula to propose a social justice perspective for knowledge integration in climate change interventions. Using information from three studies conducted between 2016 and 2019, we first explain the importance of weather and traditional weather forecast methods for indigenous Mayan farmers. Later we describe in detail both these methods and their links with Mayan cosmology. Findings show how weather phenomena such as drought and hurricanes are main concerns for milpa farming. They illustrate the diversity of traditional short, medium, and long-term weather forecast methods based on observations from nature and the sky. Farmers also perform rituals that are related to their Mayan gods and goddess. As TEK not only defines agricultural calendars but also reproduces Mayan culture, we discuss what is needed for its integration into actions combating climate change. We use a rights-based approach that considers the economic, cultural, and political scales of justice to equally allocate resources and benefits for traditional knowledge systems, recognize indigenous values and worldviews avoiding cultural harms, and accomplish indigenous self-determination through equal representation. As a result, we hope to incentivize development actors engaged in agricultural interventions on climate change to critically reflect and examine power dynamics and relations when working with indigenous communities.