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Following the socialist revolution, a colossal shift in everyday realities began in the 1920s and '30s in the former Russian empire. Faced with the Siberian North, a vast territory considered culturally and technologically backward by the revolutionary government, the Soviets confidently undertook the project of reshaping the ordinary lives of the indigenous peoples in order to fold them into the Soviet state. In Agitating Images, Craig Campbell draws a rich and unsettling cultural portrait of the encounter between indigenous Siberians and Russian communists and reveals how photographs from th

The Second World War put an end to America's historical isolation from international power politics, and so also to the long-standing American defiance of the Realist ideology that shaped Old World affairs. The advent of transoceanic military technologies, now wielded by menacing states such as Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union, made Americans more receptive to the Realist idea that international relations is about fear and survival. The American Realists Reinhold Niebuhr, Hans Morgenthau, and Kenneth Waltz developed a modern strategic framework that sought to introduce American leaders and th

City governments in the United States require a data governance framework that simplifies the current patchwork of domain-specific privacy rules, while preserving their ability to use data in service of the public good. This paper investigates the utility and feasibility of designating municipal governments "data fiduciaries" that are required to act in their residents' best interests when processing their data. I draw on information privacy and fiduciary law literature and consider several real and hypothetical examples of data processing decisions in cities to illustrate how establishing municipal data fiduciary requirements would improve on existing data protection standards. Fiduciary duties square with the image of the city a "data steward" and offer a coherent cognitive schema for residents, city employees, and judges to hold cities accountable for responsible data processing. I argue that a process-oriented fiduciary duty of care would require cities to engage the public in high impact data processing decisions, and a fiduciary duty of loyalty would require officials to act in the exclusive interest of the data provider.

City governments in the United States require a data governance framework that simplifies the current patchwork of domain-specific privacy rules, while preserving their ability to use data in service of the public good. This paper investigates the utility and feasibility of designating municipal governments "data fiduciaries" that are required to act in their residents' best interests when processing their data. I draw on information privacy and fiduciary law literature and consider several real and hypothetical examples of data processing decisions in cities to illustrate how establishing municipal data fiduciary requirements would improve on existing data protection standards. Fiduciary duties square with the image of the city a "data steward" and offer a coherent cognitive schema for residents, city employees, and judges to hold cities accountable for responsible data processing. I argue that a process-oriented fiduciary duty of care would require cities to engage the public in high impact data processing decisions, and a fiduciary duty of loyalty would require officials to act in the exclusive interest of the data provider.

The unique dangers raised by the possibility of nuclear warfare have long prompted intensive debates about what political action is needed to avoid it. While most scholars contend that it is possible to prevent a nuclear war without fundamental political change, others argue that a substantial solution to the problem demands the abolition of the existing interstate system. Two such 'radical' positions are the 'Weberian' school, which insists that an authoritative world state is necessary, and Daniel Deudney's alternative, a liberal order based upon republican traditions of mutual restraint, internal power balancing and powerful arms control institutions. In this essay, I argue, using both historical and theoretical analysis, that the regime Deudney envisions would amount to the establishment of a Pax Americana. This would be rejected by illiberal nuclear powers and therefore fail to solve the nuclear problem.

AbstractThis article examines the conflict between traditional Marxist attitudes toward war and the problem of the nuclear revolution. It shows how the advent of the nuclear revolution in the 1950s undermined traditional Marxist-Leninist concepts of war, and then goes on to argue that this development must be placed at the centre of contemporary Marxian IR if it is to have explanatory power in the twenty-first century. To make this case directly, it engages with Justin Rosenberg's revival of Trotsky's idea of uneven and combined development and its subsidiary law of 'the whip of external necessity', and argues that the whip can remain salient today only if one accepts the political utility of nuclear war. The impasse created by the nuclear revolution, it concludes, points Marxist IR in the direction of classic Marxist visions of supranationalism and human unity.