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This essay is part of the criminological debate on the factors which influence the fear of crime. A selection of explanatory hypotheses related to the fear of crime have been chosen (direct and indirect victimisation, disorder/incivility, vulnerability and sub-cultural diversity). The analysis, by means of a multiple linear regression, tests the validity of such assumptions. The findings of this first study on the fear of crime in Italian provinces seem to confirm all the hypotheses put forward, with the exception of victimisation (the levels of crime in a given area do not statistically explain the level of fear of crime).Apart from victimisation, all the other hypotheses seem to be confirmed in related literature and foreign research: one feels more insecure (more afraid) in ones local area not only because one is more afraid of being victimised (robbery, assault, muggings), but also because one perceives more signs of disorder; one feels more vulnerable; in ones community there are ever more foreigners with whom one is unable to communicate and who seem to behave in a deviant manner, thus raising the level of fear among locals, as such deviant behaviour does not abide by traditional local values. Furthermore, the extent of urbanisation seems to affect the level of security: living in an urban area reduces ones sense of security as it is in these areas that one perceives a higher level of social disorder and a reduced level of social control. On the contrary to such findings, areas in which the quality of life is higher show a positive impact on the fear of crime, thus reducing it. Regarding possible interventions to reduce the fear of crime, this study shows that the variables which have a significant influence on it derive from areas which are outside the reach and control of law enforcement agencies. Thus, in order to reduce the fear of crime, public authorities must implement joint actions by introducing a range of various policies on a local level. ; Il saggio si inserisce nel dibattito criminologico che discute dei fattori che hanno un impatto sulla paura della criminalità (fear of crime) e seleziona alcune ipotesi esplicative della paura della criminalità (vittimizzazione diretta e indiretta, disordine/inciviltà, vulnerabilità e diversità sub-culturali). L'analisi, attraverso una regressione lineare multipla, testa la validità di queste ipotesi. I risultati di questo primo studio condotto sulle province italiane sembrano confermare tutte le ipotesi testate ad eccezione di quella della vittimizzazione (i livelli di criminalità di un territorio non sembrano spiegare statisticamente il livello di paura della criminalità). Sembra invece trovare conferma quanto emerso dalla letteratura e da altre ricerche straniere sulle altre ipotesi: ci si sente più insicuri (o si ha più paura) nella propria zona non solo perché si è più preoccupati di subire un crimine di strada (aggressione o rapina) ma anche perché si vedono più segnali di disordine, perché ci si sente più vulnerabili (maggior tasso di persone anziane), perché nella propria città ci sono stranieri con i quali non si riesce a comunicare e i cui comportamenti danno fastidio o possono spaventare perché non in linea con il senso comune. Inoltre, il livello di urbanizzazione sembra incidere negativamente sui livelli di sicurezza: stare in un'area urbana fa sentire meno sicuri perché è lì che si concentrano i segnali di disordine e diminuisce il controllo sociale. A controbilanciare questa spinta negativa sono i livelli di qualità della vita di un territorio che sono direttamente proporzionali al sentirsi protetti dalla criminalità. Da un punto di vista degli interventi, questi risultati evidenziano come le variabili significative nel generare in/sicurezza riguardano settori al di fuori del controllo dell'ordine pubblico e che la riduzione della paura della criminalità sia un compito che impone l'azione congiunta di una pluralità di politiche locali del territorio.

This study—based on a national data set ( N = 1,447)—focuses on extrafamilial sexual assaults and their mobility. Spatial information about the offender's house, the victim's house, and the crime scene was combined in mobility crime triangles. The findings reveal that most of the assaults fall in the categories of total mobility (42.78%) and offender mobility (33.10%). Our results also show the validity of the distance decay function with over 50% of aggressions occurring within 3 km of the offender's house. The analysis did not reveal the existence of buffer zones, probably due to the acquaintance between some of the offenders and their victims. The evidence suggests that environmental risk factors are more significant than individual ones when it comes to explaining the variation among mobility patterns in sexual assaults. Offenders appear to adapt their mobility patterns and modus operandi according to the environmental constraints. Often, offenders choose their own or their victim's house as a safe environment for performed sexual assault.

Since 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic and government measures to limit its spread have had a huge impact on society. Crime opportunities and criminal justice systems have also been affected by this health crisis. With the aim of international collaboration, a working group within the European Society of Criminology has been created to promote research among European researchers and thereby facilitate the exchange of information and comparative studies on the impact of COVID-19 on crime and criminal justice systems. Thus, the School of Criminal Justice of the University of Lausanne has undertaken a mapping of the ongoing projects related to COVID-19. The aim of this research is to identify, using different keywords, all current projects carried out in English, French, German, Spanish or Portuguese. To be selected, the project had to (1) focus on the impact of COVID-19 on different areas of criminology, (2) be carried out in one of the five languages mentioned, and (3) be conducted by a legitimate research organization. Our results highlight the research question, the time periods and geographical areas covered, and the methodologies used. In total, the keywords chosen were able to report on 68 projects in progress in various fields of criminology, such as prisons, policing, domestic violence, or cybercrime.

Since 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic and government measures to limit its spread have had a huge impact on society. Crime opportunities and criminal justice systems have also been affected by this health crisis. With the aim of international collaboration, a working group has been created to promote research among European researchers and thereby facilitate the exchange of information and comparative studies on the impact of Covid-19 on crime and criminal justice systems. Thus, in order to get an overview of the academic publishing, the School of Criminal Justice of the University of Lausanne has undertaken a preliminary review of publications released on crime trends and police activity during the Covid-19 pandemic. This research identified the manuscripts published in English between February 2020 and July 2021 in order to review the time period investigated, the geographic area, the data used, the analytical strategies and the results. In total, the keywords chosen were able to identify 128 manuscripts. Concerning crime trends, most of the results confirmed the drop and the U-shaped recovery for property crimes and street crimes in general while cybercrime and domestic violence seems to have increased during the lockdown. Concerning the police, it played an important role in making sure that the government health guidelines were enforced. The public's trust in the police rose at the beginning of the crisis but the rise was only temporary. After the easing of the health guidelines, this trust declined as the police was still required to enforce some rules.

This is the sixth edition of a data collection initiative that started in 1993 under the umbrella of the Council of Europe and has been continued since 2000 by an international group of experts. These experts also act as regional coordinators of a network of national correspondents whose contribution has been decisive in collecting and validating data on a variety of subjects from 42 countries. The Sourcebook is composed of six chapters. The first five cover the current main types of national crime and criminal justice statistics – police, prosecution, conviction, prison, and probation statistics – for the years 2011 to 2016, providing detailed analysis for 2015. The sixth chapter covers national victimization surveys, providing rates for the main indicators every five years from 1990 to 2015. As with every new edition of the Sourcebook, the group has tried to improve data quality as well as comparability and, where appropriate, increase the scope of data collection. This new edition will continue to promote comparative research throughout Europe and make European experiences and data available worldwide

Note from the publisher Welmoed Spahr -- Foreword Ronald V Clarke -- Preface Francesco Calderoni and Stefano Caneppele -- Introduction Ugljesa Ugi Zvekic -- Bullying and juvenile delinquency : common risks, different outcomes : how to prevent recidivism Anna Costanza Baldry -- Script analysis for crime controllers : extending the reach of situational crime prevention Benoit Leclerc -- The future of crime statistics Chris Lewis -- Preventing crime in the United Arab Emirates Gloria Laycock -- Providing opportunities : a sixth column for the techniques of situational crime prevention Joshua D. Freilich and Graeme R. Newman -- Preventing crime and evoking altruism Ken Pease -- Policing and the problem of trust Roberto Cornelli -- Social capital and crime Uberto Gatti -- Women victimization risk of violence in Poland Beata Z. Gruszczyńska -- Criticising social indicators David Nelken -- Self-reports as a measure of crime? A theoretical approach to understanding its strengths and weaknesses Ineke Haen Marshall -- How to record data on community sanctions and measures and the work of probation agencies across Europe : the approach of the European sourcebook Jörg-Martin Jehle and Stefan Harrendorf -- Old and new criminality : territory, society and immigration in Italy Luigi M. Solivetti -- Analyzing bank robbery in Italy Marco Dugato -- Patterns of theft and fraud by employees against the commercial sector in Switzerland and in Italy Giulia Mugellini, Giang Ly Isenring and Martin Killias -- Immigrants as victims of crime William F. McDonald -- Prevention of corruption : Slovenian perspective Gorazd Meško, Bojan Dobovšek and Branko Ažman -- An international approach towards corruption Hans de Doelder -- Corruption Dutch style Hans Nelen --