Suchergebnisse

In 2015, the UN approved the 2030 agenda on sustainable development, intending to bridge - and eventually close - the gaps that divide our societies. These 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) are presented as a master plan that covers the most painful global challenges to a knowledgeable and inclusive society. In this thematic issue we look more incisively into goals no. 1 (no poverty), no. 4 (quality of education and inclusive education), no. 10 (reduced inequalities), and no. 11 (sustainable cities and communities) of the agenda. Social inequalities have drastically intensified after the 2008 financial crisis and the period of austerity that followed, especially among the poorest people and in the most vulnerable communities. Nowadays particularly, with the Covid‐19 pandemic, these gaps seem to be growing. Against this background, this thematic issue aims to capture, make visible, understand, and analyze how social actors are organizing themselves and collaborating amongst each other in order to help attenuate and satisfy dramatic emerging social needs and improve living conditions, especially among the most vulnerable social groups, in uncertain times of crisis. We focus particularly on two main thematic blocks: social inclusion axes on the one hand (formal, non‐formal, and informal education, participation, leisure time, and culture) and vulnerable groups on the other (including children, adolescents, youth, women, the elderly, people with disabilities, and migrants). Contributions to this thematic issue offer interesting conceptual, methodological, and empirical approaches to the study of social inclusion and social inclusive experiences in contemporary societies in uncertain times, particularly in Spain, Portugal, Belgium, and Brazil.

[spa] La presente investigación analiza la influencia del territorio (el barrio) sobre la configuración y desarrollo de los trayectos juveniles -especialmente en las dimensiones formativas, laborales y de ocio-, al mismo tiempo que tiene en cuenta la ciudad y el impacto de las instituciones sociales ubicadas en el barrio. La pregunta de investigación entorno a la cual gira el presente trabajo es si vivir en un barrio desfavorecido influye en el desarrollo personal, laboral y social de los jóvenes (de entre 16 y 24 años) que residen en él; así como la forma en qué influye, y a través de qué mecanismos lo hace. Dicho de otro modo, pretendemos estudiar si el tipo de barrio en el que los jóvenes crecen, está relacionado con que los jóvenes residentes desarrollen trayectorias vitales vulnerables a la exclusión social. Con la intención de comprender el efecto barrio y qué relación mantiene con la vulnerabilidad a la exclusión social juvenil, definimos tres objetivos fundamentales: el primer objetivo supone analizar la influencia del barrio en las condiciones y la calidad de vida de sus residentes, especialmente entre los jóvenes. El segundo objetivo pretende explicar los mecanismos a través de los que operan la influencia que ejercen las instituciones y sus actores (educadores, trabajadores sociales) en la configuración los trayectos juveniles. Y el tercer objetivo es identificar puntos fuertes y débiles de las actuaciones institucionales dirigidas a los jóvenes en estos barrios. Para abordar estos objetivos, hemos desarrollado una metodología variada, la cual combina el análisis cuantitativo –mediante el uso de datos censales y del padrón municipal -, el análisis cualitativo –a partir de la recogida de información (sentimientos, percepciones…) a través de instrumentos cualitativos como de la entrevista semi-estructurada temática y oral, la entrevista estructurada temática y escrita –y, el análisis comparativo entre ciudades (Barcelona y Milán), barrios (Trinitat Nova, Ciutat Meridiana, Comasina y Sant'Ambrogio) y jóvenes. Entre las conclusiones del estudio se destaca: en primer lugar, la heterogeneidad del colectivo joven y la diversidad de trayectos juveniles que éstos desarrollan en cada uno de los cuatro barrios. En segundo lugar, la evidencia de que el efecto barrio en Trinitat Nova, Ciutat Meridiana, Comasina y Sant'Ambrogio no es homogéneo ni determinante para los trayectos vitales de los jóvenes. Sino que éste presenta intensidades y formas diferentes de influencia, en función de las estrategias e interacciones que los jóvenes establecen con las instituciones (en especial, en el ámbito de la educación y uso del tiempo libre). Y en tercer lugar, la vulnerabilidad social que experimentan algunos jóvenes en estos barrios no está tan vinculada al barrio en el que viven, sino a las interacciones que se establecen entre instituciones y jóvenes, y las experiencias derivadas de dicha interacción. Entre el conjunto de experiencias, tienen un peso muy importante en la configuración de los trayectos juveniles las vivencias en el ámbito de la instrucción y del uso del tiempo libre. Éstas impactan significativamente en la autoestima de los jóvenes y en sus expectativas de futuro. ; [cat] Aquesta investigació analitza la influència del territori (el barri) sobre la configuració i desenvolupament dels trajectes juvenils- especialment en les dimensions formatives, laborals i d'oci-, alhora que té en compte la ciutat i l'impacte de les institucions socials ubicades al barri. La pregunta d'investigació entorn de la qual gira el present treball és si viure en un barri desfavorit influeix en el desenvolupament personal, laboral i social dels joves¡ (d'entre 16 i 24 anys) que hi resideixen, així com la forma en què influeix, i a través de quins mecanismes ho fa. Dit d'una altra manera, pretenem estudiar si el tipus de barri en què els joves creixen, està relacionat amb què els joves residents desenvolupin trajectòries vitals vulnerables a l'exclusió social. Amb la intenció de comprendre l'efecte barri i quina relació manté amb la vulnerabilitat a l'exclusió social juvenil, definim tres objectius fonamentals: el primer objectiu suposa analitzar la influència del barri en les condicions i la qualitat de vida dels seus residents, especialment entre els joves. El segon objectiu pretén explicar els mecanismes a través dels que operen la influència que exerceixen les institucions i els seus actors (educadors, treballadors socials) en la configuració dels trajectes juvenils. I el tercer objectiu és identificar punts forts i febles de les actuacions institucionals adreçades als joves en aquests barris. Per abordar aquests objectius, hem desenvolupat una metodologia variada, la qual combina l'anàlisi quantitatiu- mitjançant l'ús de dades censals i del padró municipal-, l'anàlisi qualitatiu- a partir del qual s'ha recollit informació com ara sentiments, percepcions., mitjançant instruments qualitatius com l'entrevista semi-estructurada temàtica i oral, l'entrevista estructurada temàtica i escrita- i, l'anàlisi comparatiu entre ciutats (Barcelona i Milà), barris (Trinitat Nova, Ciutat Meridiana, Comasina i Sant'Ambrogio) i joves. Les conclusions més rellevants d'aquest estudi són: en primer lloc, l'heterogeneïtat del col•lectiu jove i la diversitat de trajectes juvenils que aquests desenvolupen en cada un dels quatre barris. En segon lloc, l'evidència que l'efecte barri a Trinitat Nova, Ciutat Meridiana, Comasina i Sant'Ambrogio no és homogeni ni determinant per als trajectes vitals dels joves. Sinó que aquest presenta intensitats i formes diferents d'influència, en funció de les estratègies i interaccions que els joves estableixen amb les institucions (en especial, amb les institucions de l'àmbit de l'educació en el lleure). I en tercer lloc, la vulnerabilitat social que experimenten alguns joves en aquests barris no està tan vinculada al barri on viuen, sinó a les interaccions que s'estableixen entre institucions i joves, i les experiències derivades d'aquesta interacció. Entre el conjunt d'experiències, tenen un pes molt important en la configuració dels trajectes juvenils les vivències en l'àmbit de la instrucció i de l'ús del temps lliure. Aquestes impacten significativament en l'autoestima dels joves i en les seves expectatives de futur. ; This investigation analyses the influence of the territory (the neighbourhood) on the configuration and development of youth trajectories – especially regarding education, work and leisure time-, while taking into consideration the city and the impact of social institutions located in the neighbourhood. Our central research questions are: Does living in a deprived neighbourhood have an impact on the careers, and personal and social development of young people (16 to 24 years old)? How is that influence? Which are the mechanisms at work? In other words, we aim to study if the neighbourhood where young people grow up is related to the development of life trajectories vulnerable to social exclusion. Aiming to understand the neighbourhood effect and the type of relation with vulnerability to social exclusion, three main objectives were defined: First, to analyse the influence of the neighbourhood regarding living conditions and quality of life of the residents, especially young people. Second, to explain the mechanisms used by institutions and their actors (educators, social workers) to impact on the configuration of youth trajectories. And third, to identify weaknesses and strengths of institutional actions designed for young people in these neighbourhoods. To tackle our objectives, we have developed a comprehensive methodology, combining quantitative analysis –combining census data and the municipal registry of inhabitants-, qualitative analysis –gathering information (feelings, perceptions…) through qualitative tools such as thematic semi-structured oral interviews, and thematic structured written interviews- and, comparative analysis between cities (Barcelona and Milan), neighbourhoods (Trinitat Nova, Ciutat Meridiana, Comasina y Sant'Ambrogio), and young people. The conclusions of our research highlight, firstly, the heterogeneity of young people and the diversity of youth trajectories developed in each neighbourhood. Secondly, it became evident that the neighbourhood effect in the sample neighbourhoods is neither homogeneous, nor determinant for youth life paths. In contrast, there are different degrees and types of impact, depending on the strategies and interactions young people establish with the institutions (especially with regard to education and use of leisure time). And, thirdly, social vulnerability experienced by some youth in the sample neighbourhoods is not strictly related to the neighbourhood where they live but, instead, to the interactions established between institutions and young people, and the experiences based on such interaction. Among these experiences, the ones related to education and use of leisure time, play a key role in the configuration of youth trajectories, having a significant impact on the self-esteem and future expectations of young people.

In the last weeks and months, COVID-19 has challenged and changed societies and social life around the world. In the case of Spain, the health crisis generated by the COVID-19 pandemic led to the declaration of a state of alert by the central government, which involved partial home confinement. Given this exceptional situation, neighborhood activation through mutual support networks has been very important in the city of Barcelona. This article describes and analyses, based on the method of autobiographical imagination, the example of a citizen solidarity practice Xarxa de Suport Mutu Vallcarca [Vallcarca mutual support network] in the Vallcarca neighborhood. Its main objective is to carry out actions of social support to palliate the effects of the confinement, fundamentally in the areas of care and support, as well as childhood and education. From 2008, the creativity of the neighborhoods and citizens has been a relevant motor and multiplier for social protection and change.

In the last weeks and months, COVID-19 has challenged and changed societies and social life around the world. In the case of Spain, the health crisis generated by the COVID-19 pandemic led to the declaration of a state of alert by the central government, which involved partial home confinement. Given this exceptional situation, neighborhood activation through mutual support networks has been very important in the city of Barcelona. This article describes and analyses, based on the method of autobiographical imagination, the example of a citizen solidarity practice Xarxa de Suport Mutu Vallcarca [Vallcarca mutual support network] in the Vallcarca neighborhood. Its main objective is to carry out actions of social support to palliate the effects of the confinement, fundamentally in the areas of care and support, as well as childhood and education. From 2008, the creativity of the neighborhoods and citizens has been a relevant motor and multiplier for social protection and change.

[Resumen] Este artículo expone y analiza parte de los resultados de la primera fase de una investigación. El principal objetivo de este trabajo es indagar en cuáles son los impactos per-cibidos por parte de los/as técnicos y técnicas de las experiencias de participación en el municipio a un doble nivel: los destinatarios: niños, niñas y adolescentes (NNA) y la comuni-dad. Para ello, se desarrolla un estudio de encuesta autoadministrada a través de internet, a una muestra de 191 figuras técnicas, procedentes de 179 municipios distribuidos a lo largo de toda España, pertenecientes a las redes Ciudades Amigas de la Infancia (CAI.Unicef) y/o a la Asociación Internacional de Ciudades Educadoras (AICE). Se realizó un análisis estadístico con el SPSS V. 25 y, para la información cualitativa derivada de las respuestas abiertas o semi-cerradas, se desarrolló un análisis de contenido.Los principales resultados alcanzados son: a nivel de infancia y adolescencia, las expe-riencias de participación infantil y adolescente (PIA) en el municipio impactan principalmente en desarrollar conocimientos (de derechos y deberes), habilidades (competencia participa-tiva) y valores (autoestima, confianza) en la infancia y la adolescencia. Sin embargo, inciden débilmente en la consolidación de la participación infantil y juvenil como derecho, en la tra-ducción de éste en las políticas públicas y en la gobernanza, especialmente, con la adminis-tración. Y a nivel de la comunidad, los impactos de la PIA pueden agruparse en tres tipos: i) el fomento de las oportunidades de participación de NNA en la comunidad; ii) la mejora del municipio; y, iii) la educación en la participación. Las principales limitaciones y retos a afrontar, intensificados por la crisis pandémica, son fortalecer la imagen de la infancia y la adolescencia con plenos derechos de expresión y decisión; y garantizar una voluntad política comprometi-da con la continuidad y sostenibilidad de los programas de PIA. ; [Abstract] This article presents and analyses part of the results of the first phase of a re-search project. The main objective of this work is to analyse the perceived impacts by the technical of the participation experiences in the municipality at a double level: the benefi-ciaries (children and adolescents) and the community. To this end, a self-administered survey was carried out via the internet, with a sample of 191 technical figures from 179 municipalities across Spain, belonging to the networks Child Friendly Cities (CAI.Unicef) and/or the Interna-tional Association of Educating Cities (IAEC). A statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS V. 25 and, for the qualitative information derived from the open or semi-closed answers, a content analysis was developed. The main results achieved are at the level of children and ad-olescents, the experiences of child and adolescent participation (PIA, acronym in Spanish) in the municipality mainly have an impact on the development of knowledge (rights and duties), skills (participatory competence) and values (self-esteem, confidence) in children and adoles-cents. However, they have a weak impact on the consolidation of child and youth participation as a right, on the translation of this right into public policies and on governance, especially with the administration. At the community level, the impacts of the CAP can be grouped into three types: i) the promotion of opportunities for children's participation in the community; ii) the improvement of the municipality; and iii) education for participation. The main constraints and challenges to be faced, intensified by the pandemic crisis, are to strengthen the image of children and adolescents with full rights of expression and decision making; and to ensure political will committed to the continuity and sustainability of CAP programmes. ; [Resumo] Este artigo apresenta e analisa parte dos resultados da primeira fase dunha inves-tigação. O principal objectivo deste trabalho é investigar quais são os impactos percebidos pelos técnicos e técnicas , das experiências de participação no município a um duplo nível: os destinatários (crianças e adolescentes) e a comunidade. Para este efeito, foi realizado um estudo auto-administrado através da Internet, a uma amostra de 191 figuras técnicas de 179 municípios distribuído por toda a Espanha pertencentes às redes Cidades Amigas da Criança (CAI.Unicef) e/ou a Associação Internacional de Cidades Educadoras (IAEC). Foi realizada uma análise estatística utilizando o SPSS V. 25 e, para a informação qualitativa derivada das respostas abertas ou semi-fechadas, foi desenvolvida uma análise de conteúdo.Os principais resultados alcançados são: ao nível das crianças e adolescentes, as expe-riências da participação infantil e adolescente (PIA) no município têm um impacto principal-mente no desenvolvimento de conhecimentos (de direitos e deveres), competências (compe-tência participativa) e valores (auto-estima, confiança) nas crianças e adolescentes. Contudo, têm um fraco impacto na consolidação da participação das crianças e jovens como um direito, na sua tradução em políticas públicas e na governação, especialmente com a administração. A nível da comunidade, os impactos do PIA podem ser agrupados em três tipos: i) a promoção de oportunidades de participação das crianças na comunidade; ii) a melhoria do município; e iii) a educação para a participação. As principais limitações e desafios a enfrentar, intensifi-cados pela crise pandémica, são reforçar a imagem das crianças e adolescentes com plenos direitos de expressão e decisão; e garantir uma vontade política empenhada na continuidade e sustentabilidade dos programas do PIA. ; Resultados parciales de la investigación titulada "Infancia y participación. Diagnóstico y propuestas para una ciudadanía activa e inclusiva en la comunidad, las instituciones y la gobernanza", ref. RTI2018-098821-B-I00, con la financiación del Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, el Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional y la Agencia Estatal de Investigación

Educational and social initiatives promoting participation among children and adolescents struggle with the widely‐held notion that non‐adult stages of life are merely transitory and that, therefore, non‐adults' views on public life are of less value. Apart from this hurdle of adult‐centrism, there are other obstacles to the full participation of this segment of the population. The present study analyses the inbuilt structures that help or hinder children and adolescents' participation in the local arena. Being ascribed to one or other of the social categories (gender, origins, racialisation, economic status, functional diversity, physical and mental health, gender identity), in addition to being a child or adolescent, involves a further difficulty in exercising one's rights in general and the right of participation in particular, and this weakens young people's social inclusion and exercise of citizenship, deepening their social vulnerability. This is where the intersectional approach can help us avoid the exclusion of children and adolescents with added social barriers. In this article, we survey 191 local youth workers to determine their perceptions of inclusivity in child participation bodies in their municipality. The specific measures in place are also discussed. Lastly, we identify the challenges to children's inclusion in local participation processes and some strategies for advancing towards the creation of more diverse and inclusive arenas of participation.

This article presents and analyses part of the results of the first phase of the one research. The main objective of this work is to analyse the perceived impacts by the technical professionals of the participation experiences in the municipality at a double level: the beneficiaries (children and adolescents) and the community. To this end, a self-administered survey was carried out via the internet, with a sample of 191 technical figures from 179 municipalities across Spain, belonging to the networks Child Friendly Cities (CAI.Unicef) and/or the International Association of Educating Cities (IAEC). A statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS V. 25 and, for the qualitative information derived from the open or semi-closed answers, a content analysis was developed. The main results achieved are: at the level of children and adolescents, the experiences of child and adolescent participation (CAP) in the municipality mainly have an impact on the development of knowledge (rights and duties), skills (participatory competence) and values (self-esteem, confidence) in children and adolescents. However, they have a weak impact on the consolidation of child and youth participation as a right, on the translation of this right into public policies and on governance, especially with the administration. At the community level, the impacts of the CAP can be grouped into three types: i) the promotion of opportunities for children's participation in the community; ii) the improvement of the municipality; and iii) education for participation. The main constraints and challenges to be faced, intensified by the pandemic crisis, are to strengthen the image of children and adolescents with full rights of expression and decision making; and to ensure political will committed to the continuity and sustainability of CAP programmes. ; Este artículo expone y analiza parte de los resultados de la primera fase de una investigación[1]. El principal objetivo de este trabajo es indagar en cuáles son los impactos percibidos por parte de las figuras técnicas, de las experiencias de participación en el municipio a un doble nivel: los destinatarios (NNA) y la comunidad. Para ello, se desarrolla un estudio de encuesta autoadministrada a través de internet, a una muestra de 191 figuras técnicas, procedentes de 179 municipios distribuidos a lo largo de toda España, pertenecientes a las redes Ciudades Amigas de la Infancia (CAI.Unicef) y/o a la Asociación Internacional de Ciudades Educadoras (AICE). Se realizó un análisis estadístico con el SPSS V. 25 y, para la información cualitativa derivada de las respuestas abiertas o semicerradas, se desarrolló un análisis de contenido. Los principales resultados alcanzados son: a nivel de infancia y adolescencia, las experiencias de participación infantil y adolescente (PIA) en el municipio impactan principalmente en desarrollar conocimientos (de derechos y deberes), habilidades (competencia participativa) y valores (autoestima, confianza) en la infancia y la adolescencia. Sin embargo, inciden débilmente en la consolidación de la participación infantil y juvenil como derecho, en la traducción de éste en las políticas públicas y en la gobernanza, especialmente, con la administración. Y a nivel de la comunidad, los impactos de la PIA pueden agruparse en tres tipos: i) el fomento de las oportunidades de participación de NNA en la comunidad; ii) la mejora del municipio; y, iii) la educación en la participación. Las principales limitaciones y retos a afrontar, intensificados por la crisis pandémica, son fortalecer la imagen de la infancia y la adolescencia con plenos derechos de expresión y decisión; y garantizar una voluntad política comprometida con la continuidad y sostenibilidad de los programas de PIA. ; Este artigo apresenta e analisa parte dos resultados da primeira fase dunha investigação. O principal objectivo deste trabalho é investigar quais são os impactos percebidos pelas figuras técnicas, das experiências de participação no município a um duplo nível: os destinatários (crianças e adolescentes) e a comunidade. Para este efeito, foi realizado um estudo auto-administrado através da Internet, a uma amostra de 191 figuras técnicas de 179 municípios distribuído por toda a Espanha pertencentes às redes Cidades Amigas da Criança (CAI.Unicef) e/ou a Associação Internacional de Cidades Educadoras (IAEC). Foi realizada uma análise estatística utilizando o SPSS V. 25 e, para a informação qualitativa derivada das respostas abertas ou semi-fechadas, foi desenvolvida uma análise de conteúdo. Os principais resultados alcançados são: ao nível das crianças e adolescentes, as experiências da participação infantil e adolescente (PIA) no município têm um impacto principalmente no desenvolvimento de conhecimentos (de direitos e deveres), competências (competência participativa) e valores (auto-estima, confiança) nas crianças e adolescentes. Contudo, têm um fraco impacto na consolidação da participação das crianças e jovens como um direito, na sua tradução em políticas públicas e na governação, especialmente com a administração. A nível da comunidade, os impactos do PIA podem ser agrupados em três tipos: i) a promoção de oportunidades de participação das crianças na comunidade; ii) a melhoria do município; e iii) a educação para a participação. As principais limitações e desafios a enfrentar, intensificados pela crise pandémica, são reforçar a imagem das crianças e adolescentes com plenos direitos de expressão e decisão; e garantir uma vontade política empenhada na continuidade e sustentabilidade dos programas do PIA.

El presente trabajo es fruto de un diagnóstico colaborativo sobre el ejercicio de la participación comunitaria de adolescentes de l'Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona). Se enmarca en una Investigación-Acción Participativa que ha desvelado la baja participación de los jóvenes en la comunidad y la necesidad de promover la participación social en educación, desde una dimensión comunitaria y con el compromiso imprescindible del conjunto de la ciudadanía.

Educational and social initiatives promoting participation among children and adolescents struggle with the widely‐held notion that non‐adult stages of life are merely transitory and that, therefore, non‐adults' views on public life are of less value. Apart from this hurdle of adult‐centrism, there are other obstacles to the full participation of this segment of the population. The present study analyses the inbuilt structures that help or hinder children and adolescents' participation in the local arena. Being ascribed to one or other of the social categories (gender, origins, racialisation, economic status, functional diversity, physical and mental health, gender identity), in addition to being a child or adolescent, involves a further difficulty in exercising one's rights in general and the right of participation in particular, and this weakens young people's social inclusion and exercise of citizenship, deepening their social vulnerability. This is where the intersectional approach can help us avoid the exclusion of children and adolescents with added social barriers. In this article, we survey 191 local youth workers to determine their perceptions of inclusivity in child participation bodies in their municipality. The specific measures in place are also discussed. Lastly, we identify the challenges to children's inclusion in local participation processes and some strategies for advancing towards the creation of more diverse and inclusive arenas of participation.

Barcelona vem investindo na replicação do seu "Modelo Barcelona" de operação urbana desde o projeto para as Olimpíadas de 1992, sendo Poblenou uma das áreas estratégicas com muitas intervenções urbanas e processos de gentrificação. Diante das transformações constantes, este artigo busca avançar em novos conhecimenots sobre os impactos mais recentes da gentrificação em Poblenou. Trata-se de uma pesquisa exporatória sobre a evolução do estoque imobiliário, valorização da moradia, perfil populacional e fotografia atual da gentrificação. Apesar da complexidade que este tema envolve, esta análise de Poblenou contribui para trazer maior clareza sobre os impactos negativos destas operações. Assim, é possível observar a evolução desse processo de gentrificação que se encontra consolidado em certas áreas e, em outras, em estágio parcial.

[ES] Este artículo expone y analiza parte de los resultados de la primera fase de una investigación. El principal objetivo de este trabajo es indagar en cuáles son los impactos percibidos por parte de los/as técnicos y técnicas de las experiencias de participación en el municipio a un doble nivel: los destinatarios: niños, niñas y adolescentes (NNA) y la comunidad. Para ello, se desarrolla un estudio de encuesta autoadministrada a través de internet, a una muestra de 191 figuras técnicas, procedentes de 179 municipios distribuidos a lo largo de toda España, pertenecientes a las redes Ciudades Amigas de la Infancia (CAI.Unicef) y/o a la Asociación Internacional de Ciudades Educadoras (AICE). Se realizó un análisis estadístico con el SPSS V. 25 y, para la información cualitativa derivada de las respuestas abiertas o semi-cerradas, se desarrolló un análisis de contenido. Los principales resultados alcanzados son: a nivel de infancia y adolescencia, las experiencias de participación infantil y adolescente (PIA) en el municipio impactan principalmente en desarrollar conocimientos (de derechos y deberes), habilidades (competencia participativa) y valores (autoestima, confianza) en la infancia y la adolescencia. Sin embargo, inciden débilmente en la consolidación de la participación infantil y juvenil como derecho, en la traducción de éste en las políticas públicas y en la gobernanza, especialmente, con la administración. Y a nivel de la comunidad, los impactos de la PIA pueden agruparse en tres tipos: i) el fomento de las oportunidades de participación de NNA en la comunidad; ii) la mejora del municipio; y, iii) la educación en la participación. Las principales limitaciones y retos a afrontar, intensificados por la crisis pandémica, son fortalecer la imagen de la infancia y la adolescencia con plenos derechos de expresión y decisión; y garantizar una voluntad política comprometida con la continuidad y sostenibilidad de los programas de PIA. [EN] This article presents and analyses part of the results of the first phase of a re-search project. The main objective of this work is to analyse the perceived impacts by the technical of the participation experiences in the municipality at a double level: the benefi-ciaries (children and adolescents) and the community. To this end, a self-administered survey was carried out via the internet, with a sample of 191 technical figures from 179 municipalities across Spain, belonging to the networks Child Friendly Cities (CAI.Unicef) and/or the Interna-tional Association of Educating Cities (IAEC). A statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS V. 25 and, for the qualitative information derived from the open or semi-closed answers, a content analysis was developed. The main results achieved are at the level of children and ad-olescents, the experiences of child and adolescent participation (PIA, acronym in Spanish) in the municipality mainly have an impact on the development of knowledge (rights and duties), skills (participatory competence) and values (self-esteem, confidence) in children and adoles-cents. However, they have a weak impact on the consolidation of child and youth participation as a right, on the translation of this right into public policies and on governance, especially with the administration. At the community level, the impacts of the CAP can be grouped into three types: i) the promotion of opportunities for children's participation in the community; ii) the improvement of the municipality; and iii) education for participation. The main constraints and challenges to be faced, intensified by the pandemic crisis, are to strengthen the image of children and adolescents with full rights of expression and decision making; and to ensure political will committed to the continuity and sustainability of CAP programmes.

This article examines the community participation among 297 young people (from 12 to 16 years) from disadvantaged urban contexts. Our goal is to provide some reflections to review the model of youth participation in these communities from a bio-ecological framework, and a mesosystem perspective. Thus, our analysis focuses on the interactions between young people and their families with schools and the neighbourhood, to highlight the concept, spheres and conditioning (risk and protective) factors of youth participation. For this purpose, a mixed method with a triangulation design was carried out, combining complementary techniques: a study survey with 297 youngsters and 3 focus groups. The main conclusions that arise from our results are: i) the need to promote policy of presence and more experiential, meaningful, functional initiatives based on the commitment to social improvement through community participation; ii) the need to emphasize neighbourhoods and schools as contexts and actors for community action and the promotion of citizen participation among youth; and, iii) to rethink online participation facing the challenge of bringing critical awareness and democratic and civic values to youth digital competences.

This article examines the community participation among 297 young people (from 12 to 16 years) from disadvantaged urban contexts. Our goal is to provide some reflections to review the model of youth participation in these communities from a bio-ecological framework, and a mesosystem perspective. Thus, our analysis focuses on the interactions between young people and their families with schools and the neighbourhood, to highlight the concept, spheres and conditioning (risk and protective) factors of youth participation. For this purpose, a mixed method with a triangulation design was carried out, combining complementary techniques: a study survey with 297 youngsters and 3 focus groups. The main conclusions that arise from our results are: i) the need to promote policy of presence and more experiential, meaningful, functional initiatives based on the commitment to social improvement through community participation; ii) the need to emphasize neighbourhoods and schools as contexts and actors for community action and the promotion of citizen participation among youth; and, iii) to rethink online participation facing the challenge of bringing critical awareness and democratic and civic values to youth digital competences.

This article examines the community participation among 297 young people (from 12 to 16 years) from disadvantaged urban contexts. Our goal is to provide some reflections to review the model of youth participation in these communities from a bio-ecological framework, and a mesosystem perspective. Thus, our analysis focuses on the interactions between young people and their families with schools and the neighbourhood, to highlight the concept, spheres and conditioning (risk and protective) factors of youth participation. For this purpose, a mixed method with a triangulation design was carried out, combining complementary techniques: a study survey with 297 youngsters and 3 focus groups. The main conclusions that arise from our results are: i) the need to promote policy of presence and more experiential, meaningful, functional initiatives based on the commitment to social improvement through community participation; ii) the need to emphasize neighbourhoods and schools as contexts and actors for community action and the promotion of citizen participation among youth; and, iii) to rethink online participation facing the challenge of bringing critical awareness and democratic and civic values to youth digital competences.