Suchergebnisse

RESUMEN. Con el objeto de analizar la incidencia que tendrían en el sistema español las experiencias más significativas de federalismo fiscal, en este trabajo se exponen los principales fundamentos de la teoría del federalismo fiscal. Así, se aplica parcialmente el sistema canadiense al caso español a partir de la consideración de sus propios rasgos institucionales y de organización política en términos de asignación de competencias de gasto e ingresos, comparando así los resultados tanto desde una perspectiva estática como de sus condicionantes en términos dinámicos. ; ABSTRACT. In order to analyze the incidence that would have another fiscal federalism models in the Spanish system, the main theoretical foundations of Fiscal Federalism Theory are exposed in this paper. Thus, it is applied the Canadian system to the Spanish case taking into account their own institutional features and political organization in terms of expenditures and revenues assignment, comparing these results from a static perspective and also a dynamic one. Keywords: Fiscal federalism / Compared experience / Fiscal accountability.

RESUMEN. Este artículo examina los efectos del modelo de descentralización asimétrica sobre el gasto sanitario y su financiación en Cantabria. Se presentan algunas consideraciones generales sobre la estimación y necesidades del gasto sanitario, resaltando que es necesario controlar el gasto para asegurar una efectiva sostenibilidad de la financiación de la sanidad pública en Cantabria en el futuro. Por último, la transferencia de la sanidad podría ayudar a potenciar las ventajas de la descentralización y dar respuesta a las necesidades de la población en esta Comunidad Autónoma. ; ABSTRACT. This paper examines the effects of the asymmetric decentralization on the regional health care expenditure and its financing in Cantabria. We present sorne general considerations on the estimation and needs of the health care expenditure, hightlighting that is necessary to control it in order to have a technical robustness and political sustainability of the financing of the public health care in Cantabria for the future. Finally, the transfer of health to Cantabria could help to heighten the advantages of decentralization and response to the needs of its population.

AbstractLone parenthood is one of the multiple accepted family types that make up today's societies. In Europe, 3.2% of total households were single adults with children in 2019. Understanding the socioeconomic and demographic transformations that have led to the relatively high rates of single-parent families have attracted the attention and concern of researchers and policy makers. This study contributes to the literature by exploring trends in and predictors of health outcomes, lifestyle factors (obesity, smoking and alcohol) and social support among single-parent families and cohabiting couples in 20 European countries. To do so, microdata from the European Health Interview Survey-EHIS (2013–2015 and 2018–2020) is used. Running multivariate logistic regressions, we estimate the impact of individual factors associated with single parents' health status, lifestyle factors and social support, adjusting by demographic characteristics and stressors. Our analysis suggests that both single mothers and fathers are left behind in several respects compared to their couple counterparts: lower education levels, lower income and worse economic conditions, worse physical health, and poorer social support relationships. Differences in health status, lifestyle factors and social support between single and couple parents, both mothers and fathers could be associated with the unequal distribution of demographic and stress factors found in this article. Understanding these characteristics of single-parent families could enable the establishment of community-level interventions to mitigate the adverse effects of lone parenthood and their children.

RESUMEN. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar algunas de las experiencias más significativas de transferencias en las haciendas locales a escala europea (dada la inexistencia de un único modelo común) a partir de la consideración de sus propios rasgos institucionales y de organización política en términos de asignación de competencias de gasto e ingresos. En especial, se hace referencia a la comparación entre el modelo local europeo y el de los países escandinavos (Dinamarca, Finlandia, Noruega y Suecia), dado que estos últimos disponen de un sistema similar de haciendas locales propio, con predominio del impuesto municipal sobre la renta, que difiere significativamente de los del resto de Europa. ; ABSTRACT. The aim of this study is to analyse some of the most significant experiences of transfers in local government finances on a European scales (in view of the lack of a common model) on the basis of the consideration of its institutional and political organization features in terms of assignment of responsibilities for income and expenditure. In particular, reference is made to the comparison between the European local model and that of the Scandinavian countries (Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden), since the latter have a similar system of local government finance of their own, with predominance of municipal income tax, which differs significantly from those of the rest of Europe.

RESUMEN. El desarrollo del modelo de financiación de las Comunidades Autónomas españolas es esencial para el equilibrio de dichos niveles de gobierno. No obstante, la aparición de posibles insuficiencias financieras, inducen a la búsqueda de nuevas formulas de financiación o a la actualización de las actuales. En este contexto, el presente trabajo hace una revisión de los resultados del actual sistema de financiación autonómico y establece cuáles pueden ser las pautas de ingresos en el medio plazo para así plantear las alternativas de reforma existentes. ; ABSTRACT. The development of the financing model of the Spanish Autonomous Communities is essential for the balance of these tiers of government. Nevertheless, the appearance of possible financial inadequacies induce to search new financing formulas or upgrade the current ones. In this way, the present paper makes a survey of results of the current autonomous financing model and settles down the evolution of revenues in the short term in order to outline the alternatives of reforms.

This paper analyzes the main characteristics of European health care decentralization models with special attention to the determinants of health outcomes and expenditures and proposes using panel data models, and data from OECD Health Data, an econometric model explaining their behaviour and evolution. The results show that income is the most important factor in explaining the volume of health expenditure both statically and dynamically, while other factors of demand and supply and the degree of decentralization or type of health system, despite also influence are less important. Instead, in health outcomes fiscal decentralization has a more mixed against other factors. ; El trabajo analiza las principales características de los modelos de descentralización sanitaria en Europa prestando especial atención a los determinantes de resultados en salud y gasto. Con datos de la OECD Healht Data, se propone un modelo de panel explicativo de su comportamiento y evolución. Los resultados muestran que la renta es estática y dinámicamente el factor más importante en la explicación del volumen de gasto sanitario, mientras que otros factores de demanda y de oferta así como el grado de descentralización o tipo de sistema sanitario, son menos importantes. Mientras, en resultados en salud la descentralización tiene un efecto más dispar frente al resto de factores.

In recent years, and because of the economic crisis, Spain's governement has been worried about changes in health poverty. In this paper, we examine individual health status measured subjectively (SAH) and we decompose some socio-economic determinants to analyse how this situation affects health. We focus on SAH to estimate the poverty trends over time using the Foster-Greer-Thorbecke (FGT) index. For this purpose, we have used data provided by the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EUSILC). Our results show a negative growth if a poor SAH status is chosen as a health poverty threshold, and a positive growth of health poverty, if a fair SAH status is chosen. Furthermore, we decompose some socio-economic factors (such as gender, age and education level) to study how these characteristics affect health poverty. Our findings, based on different subgroup decompositions, reveal a rise of health poverty in Spain.

The recent economic crisis has highlighted and enhanced the long-term value of earnings over life. This paper is focused on the relationship between income and age in Spain. We have considered cohort data using the information contained in the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC). The variation of earnings with age follows a quadratic function, reaches a maximum at age 48 years old and declines thereafter. The evidence found has important effects on retirement decisions and also confirms the existence of a significant gender gap. Also, we can accept the existence of a new glass ceiling

Background: Several stakeholders have undertaken initiatives to propose solutions towards a more sustainable health system and Spain, as an example of a European country affected by austerity measures, is looking for ways to cut healthcare budgets. Methods: The aim of this paper is to study the effect of private health insurance on health care utilization using the latest micro-data from the European Community Household Panel (ECHP), the Spanish National Health Survey (SNHS) and the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC). We use matching techniques based on propensity score methods: single match, four matches, bias-adjustment and allowing for heteroskedasticity. Results: The results demonstrate that people with a private health insurance, use the public health system less than individuals without double health insurance coverage. Conclusions: Our conclusions are useful when policy makers design public-private partnership policies

The most famous modern definition of health was created during a Preamble to the Constitution of the World Health Organization in 1946: 'Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.' This definition has not been amended and, since then, many indicators have been proposed to measure health such as Self-Assessed Health (SAH) status. It provides an overall measure of a population's health based on individuals' personal perceptions of their own health. In this paper, we focus our analysis on 'under-health' as the fact of having a level that falls behind the health requirements necessary to perform what is considered an 'expected life based on Self Assessed Health'. For Spain using the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC), we can confirm there exist under-healthy people by occupation, age group and sex. Additionally, under-healthy workers are most likely to be found among skilled agricultural, fishery workers and elementary occupations.

ABSTRACT: The most famous modern definition of health was created during a Preamble to the Constitution of the World Health Organization in 1946: "Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity." This definition has not been amended and, since then, many indicators have been proposed to measure health such as Self-Assessed Health (SAH) status. It provides an overall measure of a population's health based on individuals' personal perceptions of their own health. In this paper, we focus our analysis on "under-health" as the fact of having a level that falls behind the health requirements necessary to perform what is considered an "expected life based on Self Assessed Health". For Spain using the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC), we can confirm there exist under-healthy people by occupation, age group and sex. Additionally, under-healthy workers are most likely to be found among skilled agricultural, fishery workers and elementary occupations.

Recent economic research is focused on the study of the relationship between socioeconomic factors and health outcomes. In this study, it is explored that relationship in the OECD Asia/Pacific area countries regarding life expectancy. Data from the World Bank and OECD Health Statistics (2015) have been used to build a panel data during the period 1995-2013. On the one hand, it was found that per capita income, unemployment and exchange rates improve health outcomes. On the other one, poor performance, in terms of government expenditures for the countries-sample, comes across. Empirical results highlight the importance of cost-effectiveness analysis.