Suchergebnisse

The dissolution of the former Yugoslav federation was to a smaller extent brought about by the national movements, and by a larger by the break down of the old political order. The Communist Party was the only cohesive force of the Yugoslav and all other communist federations. Therefore, the collapse of communism provoked the break-up of federal multiethnic states in Eastern Europe. Democracy, political pluralism, market reforms and decentralization tendencies were the essence of the 1989-1991 revolution. Market reforms were the most powerful force of disintegration in former communist societies. Divergent different interests of developed and underdeveloped federal republics produced political confrontation, and stimulated nationalist movements. The new nation-states emerged as a continuation of the process of nationbuilding, which was interrupted by either multiethnic empires or communist federations. Serbia was an underdeveloped republic of former Yugoslavia, which depended very much on federal resources. Serbian leadership opposed to both the political and market reforms, and decentralization tendencies. That policy provoked a massive nationalist response in Serbia and propelled Serbia into war against all other republics and peoples of former Yugoslavia. (SOI : PM: S. 130)

An obituary for Dusan Bilandzic. Adapted from the source document.

In this paper the author argues that the Europeanization and transition of post-communist countries are one and the same process. In his opinion the transition is essentially - Europeanization. In South-Eastern Europe this causes a political shift from the nationalist forces to the pro-European forces. The collapse of former Yugoslavia caused a slowdown of Europeanization; however, if the newly formed nation-states want to prosper and if the European Union wants security and stability on the continent, the process of Europeanization has to be successfully completed. Adapted from the source document.

In this paper the author argues that the Europeanization and transition of post-communist countries are one and the same process. In his opinion the transition is essentially - Europeanization. In South-Eastern Europe this causes a political shift from the nationalist forces to the pro-European forces. The collapse of former Yugoslavia caused a slowdown of Europeanization; however, if the newly formed nation-states want to prosper and if the European Union wants security and stability on the continent, the process of Europeanization has to be successfully completed. Adapted from the source document.

In this paper the author argues that the Europeanization and transition of post-communist countries are one and the same process. In his opinion the transition is essentially - Europeanization. In South-Eastern Europe this causes a political shift from the nationalist forces to the pro-European forces. The collapse of former Yugoslavia caused a slowdown of Europeanization; however, if the newly formed nation-states want to prosper and if the European Union wants security and stability on the continent, the process of Europeanization has to be successfully completed. Adapted from the source document.

The article discusses the main causes of the Kosovo crises, with a reflection to the recent NATO-Serbian war pointing out to the fallacies of oversimplifications and failure to account for the complex underlying political social factors characteristic for the southeast Europe and the Balkans. The Kosovo crisis should be seen in principle as one of the phases of the collapse of Yugoslavia which was, in turn, a consequence of the political transition. Of further relevance is to analyze the historical perspective in which the Albanian population traditionally existed in Kosovo. The position of the main players in the Kosovo conflict is further analyzed and several possible scenarios for the future developments in the region are briefly outlined. Finally, the consequences of the NATO war were further strengthened with the landsliding defeat of the previous ruling party and victory of the opposition in Croatian parliamentary and presidential elections at the beginning of 2000 year. After that nothing is the same in the whole region. (SOI : PM: S. 15)

The author analyses the genesis and the scenarios of the Kosovo crisis resolution, as well as the possible political reverberations of the NATO military intervention. The premise is that the Kosovo crisis is only a continuation of the break-up of the former Yugoslavia, that Kosovo has for centuries been a separate entity largely populated by Albanians, that the policy of Serbian nationalism has permanently discriminated against the Albanian population and that prior to the recent air strikes against Yugoslavia Serbia had systematically led an ethnic-cleansing campaign on Kosovo. Although the author recognises that the support for the NATO military action can hardly be found in the tenets of the UN Charter, he argues that it can nevertheless be justified by international law. He points out that NATO's military campaign enjoyed a broad support of the people of NATO member countries, but that it has made a rift in the European left. The new left was in the forefront of the action, while the old, dogmatic and sectarian left, found itself in the ranks of its most vocal opponents. The author claims that Milosevic, with his overall politics, and particularly his policy on Kosovo, had propelled the West into an action it could not extricate itself from. He concludes that the consequences of Belgrade's defeat will be: 1. The collapse of Milosevic' regime (the beginning of his end); 2. The final incapacitation of Milosevic' politics to create new conflicts; 3. The protectorate over Kosovo and its autonomy, with a factual independence from Serbia; 4 The independence of Montenegro; 5. Reinforcing the Dayton policy in Bosnia and Herzegovina (eliminating centrifugal tendencies); 6. The organised participation of the West in the transitional processes in this region (The Pact on the Stability of Southeast Europe); 7. Bolstering the democratic and weakening the undemocratic tendencies in the region. (SOI : S. 14)

The article addresses the main causes of the Kosovo crises, with a reflection on the recent NATO-Serbian war, pointing out the fallacies of oversimplification & failure to account for the complex underlying political social factors characteristic for Southeast Europe & the Balkans. The Kosovo crisis should be seen in principle as one of the phases of the collapse of Yugoslavia, which was, in turn, a consequence of the political transition. Of further relevance is the historical fact that the Albanian population traditionally existed in Kosovo. The position of the main players in the Kosovo conflict is further analyzed, & several possible scenarios for future developments in the region are briefly outlined. It is suggested that a landslide defeat of the previous nationalistic ruling party & victory of democratic opposition in Croatian parliamentary & presidential elections in early 2000 will change the whole region. Adapted from the source document.