Suchergebnisse

Nature's conservation has been associated with the dispute of territory from its origins till today. Reducing the limits of property rights and dynamics of use and occupation have been the most widely used techniques to achieve a clear objective as is the preservation of areas with high environmental value. The concept of ecology and conservation has evolved along the last years, starting from the elimination of the human presence in delimited areas. Therefore, it has passed from limiting human presence in delimited areas to coexistence between humans and environment. The most used tool for nature's preservation is the creation of conservation areas, though these have always been associated with the generation of conflicts and problems. In this paper, two conservation models possessing the same objective although using different methods, such as conservation areas of sustainable use in Brazil and the European Union, were compared. Consequently, it explains what they are and describes the problems and conflicts they generate or may generate. Subsequently, a comparison of the two models was made, where the advantages and disadvantages of each one were obtained. Finally, it is concluded that environmental policies should be based on the participation of key players and the existence of lack of information may lead to a rejection of environmental policies. ; Desde sus orígenes hasta la actualidad la conservación de la naturaleza está asociada a la disputa del territorio. La acotación de los límites de los derechos de propiedad, de las dinámicas de uso y la ocupación del suelo son las técnicas más empleadas para conseguir la conservación en zonas con alto valor ambiental. El concepto de conservación ha evolucionado a lo largo de los últimos años. Así, se ha pasado de la limitación de la presencia humana en áreas delimitadas a una convivencia respetuosa entre el ser humano y el medio ambiente. La herramienta más empleada para la preservación de la naturaleza es la creación de áreas de conservación, pero estas han estado asociadas habitualmente a la generación de conflictos. En el presente trabajo se comparan dos modelos de conservación que comparten el mismo objetivo pero que emplean aproximaciones diferentes: las áreas de conservación de uso sostenible en Brasil y la Red Natura 2000 de la Unión Europea. Así, se explica en qué consisten y además se describen los problemas y conflictos que generaron o pueden generar. Posteriormente, se realiza una comparación de ambos modelos y se detallan las ventajas e inconvenientes de cada uno. Finalmente se concluye que las políticas ambientales deben estar basadas en la participación de los actores principales y que la falta de información puede llevar un rechazo de las políticas ambientales.

Soil fertility and acidity correction in recovering areas require high doses of correctives and fertilizers. Therefore, the use of low-cost products may be an alternative in infertile areas. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of soil fertilization and correction methods on the yield of degraded areas cultivated with Urochloa decumbens and soil chemical attributes. The study was conducted in Orthic Quartzarenic Neosol in Mineiros, Goiás, Brazil, from October 2011 to September 2013. The experiment included soil samples treated with 2 Mg ha-1 of dolomitic limestone, a standard fertilizer (45, 54, and 75 kg ha-1 of N, P, and K, respectively), or 3 Mg ha-1 of turkey litter, and a control sample without correction/fertilization. Each treatment included four replicates in a completely randomized block design. The experimental plots consisted of areas of 4.0 m2 (2.0 ?? 2.0 m). The dry matter yield of forage grass and the following soil chemical attributes were evaluated: organic matter, hydrogen potential (pH in CaCl2), phosphorus (resin), potassium, calcium, magnesium, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and base saturation. The data were subjected to analysis of variance, and the means were compared using Tukey's test at a level of significance of 0.05. Fertilization did not affect the pH, potassium, and CEC of the soil. Fertilization with turkey litter increased the levels of organic matter, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, and base saturation compared with soils subjected to standard fertilization or liming. Furthermore, soils fertilized with turkey litter presented higher dry matter yield of Urochloa decumbens compared with unfertilized soils or soils subjected to acidity correction by liming but were not significantly different from soils treated with standard fertilizers. Therefore, fertilization with 3 Mg ha-1 of turkey litter is recommended for improving degraded pastures.