Suchergebnisse

This article considers four methodological issues in the study of family resilience. The first focus is on measurement, in which the psychometric properties of reliability, validity, and measurement equivalence are described. The second methodological consideration is on efforts to establish causality in the absence of experimental manipulation. Here, the authors present longitudinal panel models as a prototypical approach, describing the possibilities and challenges of this and other techniques toward inferences of causality, especially in the context of family resiliency. Third, the authors consider modeling resilience as continuous versus categorical, specifically contrasting variable‐centered versus person‐centered conceptualizations and analytic approaches. Fourth, the authors consider the complexities of studying family resilience due to the multilevel nature of the phenomena. The article concludes with recommendations for a diversity of methodological foci as the study of family resilience advances.

Cover -- Front Endpaper: Greek Cheat Sheet -- Half Title Page -- Series Page -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Foreword -- Prologue: What's New in the Second Edition? -- Contents -- 1. Overview and Foundations of Structural Equation Modeling -- An Overview of the Conceptual Foundations of SEM -- Sources of Variance in Measurement -- Characteristics of Indicators and Constructs -- A Simple Taxonomy of Indicators and Their Roles -- Rescaling Variables -- Parceling -- What Changes and How? -- Some Advice for SEM Programming -- Philosophical Issues and How I Approach Research -- Summary -- Key Terms and Concepts Introduced in This Chapter -- Recommended Readings -- 2. Design Issues in Longitudinal Studies -- Timing of Measurements and Conceptualizing Time -- Modeling Developmental Processes in Context -- Summary -- Key Terms and Concepts Introduced in This Chapter -- Recommended Readings -- 3. Modern Approaches to Missing Data in Longitudinal Studies -- Planning for Missing Data -- Planned Missing Data Designs in Longitudinal Research -- Summary -- Key Terms and Concepts Introduced in This Chapter -- Recommended Readings -- 4. The Measurement Model -- Drawing and Labeling Conventions -- Defining the Parameters of a Construct -- Scale Setting -- Identification -- Adding Means to the Model: Scale Setting and Identification with Means -- Adding a Longitudinal Component to the CFA Model -- Adding Phantom/Rescaling Constructs to the CFA Model -- Summary -- Key Terms and Concepts Introduced in This Chapter -- Recommended Readings -- 5. Model Fit, Sample Size, and Power -- Model Fit and Types of Fit Indices -- Sample Size -- Power -- Summary -- Key Terms and Concepts Introduced in This Chapter -- Recommended Readings -- 6. The Longitudinal CFA Model -- Factorial Invariance -- A Small (Nearly Perfect) Data Example.

AbstractPrevious research has shown victims of peer aggression to be positively impacted by being defended by peers, but how enacted defending impacts defenders themselves is not thoroughly understood. In this study, the longitudinal associations between peer‐perceived liking, enacted defending, and defender's own victimization were investigated among 336 adolescents (M age = 13.21 years). Peer perceived liking was expected to predict defending. It was also hypothesized that a reputation for defending victimized peers would be related to being perceived as less victimized and more liked over time. Results showed that peer perceived liking was not predictive of defending. Enacted defending was associated with a decrease in victimization over time, but also a decrease in peer‐perceived liking. Defenders may benefit from enacted defending by decreasing their own victimization, but this benefit is nuanced.

AbstractAggressive behavior has been well studied in terms of interindividual differences among aggressors and victims, but has been understudied, especially within naturalistic contexts, in terms of aggressor–victim relationships. The social relations model (SRM) is a powerful conceptual and analytic tool for studying dyadic phenomena, and we describe the use of multivariate SRM to study aggression. Boys and girls (N = 210) in middle schools (sixth and seventh grades) completed a newly created dyadic aggression and victimization inventory (DAVI). Results support the reliability and validity of the DAVI in assessing inter‐individual and inter‐dyadic differences in aggression and victimization. Occurrences of aggression were accounted for primarily by inter‐dyadic variability, indicating the importance of considering aggressor–victim relationships. We discuss the implications of this relationship focus for future research and intervention efforts.

AbstractChildren's victimization experiences within relationships characterized by mutual animosity were examined among 210 6th‐ and 7th‐grade boys and girls. Participants reported that a greater proportion of mutual antipathies, relative to other peers, victimized them. Moreover, the receipt of victimization within antipathetic relationships was greater when the partner in the relationship was aggressive, physically strong, non‐victimized and had low levels of internalizing problems. Perceptions of victimization and levels of maladjustment were also found to be more strongly associated with victimization from mutual antipathies than with victimization from other peers. Together, these findings highlight the importance of studying victimization in the context of antipathetic relationships and contribute to an emerging literature on the developmental significance of these relationships.

This volume reviews the various approaches to modeling how individuals change across time and provides methodologies and data analytic strategies for behavioral and social science researchers. This accessible guide provides concrete examples of how contextual factors can be included in research studies. The opening chapter demonstrates the various ways contextual factors are represented-as covariates, predictors, outcomes, moderators, mediators, or mediated effects. Succeeding chapters review ""best practice"" techniques for treating missing data, making model comparisons, and scaling across d

This paper provides an introduction to the Special Issue, A Decade Review of Adolescence Research. In this paper, we describe the goals of the special issue and the process of planning and reviewing reviews. We describe other special issues of JRA in the past decade, and preview upcoming changes and special issues in the journal.

This study is the first to measure participant role behavior across overt and relational forms of aggression. The Overt and Relational Aggression Participant Role Behavior Scales were designed to measure aggression, assisting, reinforcing, defending, victimization, and outsider behavior during acts of peer aggression in an ethnically diverse sample of 609 adolescents (M age = 12 years). The data fit the hypothesized 12‐factor model, and measurement invariance was established across gender. Relational victimization, but not overt victimization, was positively associated with all other relational aggression roles. Each participant role subscale was positively associated with depressive symptoms with the exception of the overt and relational outsider subscales. Future research and intervention efforts should consider overt and relational aggression participant roles, separately.

To explore how emerging adults grapple with the increasing demands of fiscal responsibility, the present study tests a model of identity formation in the domain of finance. We draw on Erikson's theory of identity formation as operationalized by Marcia's identity status model, which details four identity statuses: achieved, foreclosed, moratorium, and diffused. A sample of college students ( N = 1,511) were surveyed at two time points: in their first (ages 18–21, T1) and fourth (ages 21–24, T2) years of college. Primarily, we find evidence for financial identity stability, although we found some evidence for financial identity regression from moratorium to foreclosed status. After controlling for T1 financial identity, T1 variables were most predictive of changes in T2 foreclosure: Increases in foreclosure were predicted by measures of perceived parental socioeconomic status, parental communication, financial education, and subjective norms at T1.