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In the past, foreign policy and security concerns have trumped any efforts to reform the North Korean economy. Today, the linkage between security and economic policies is being reconsidered as part of a larger debate in the North Korean leadership that has already transformed the country in fundamental ways. Despite renewed tensions with the United States, North Korea has begun to implement important economic reforms. Moreover, underneath the cover of the ever-present 'military-first' slogan in the controlled media, a debate is taking place between 'reformers' and 'conservatives' over whet.

While foreign policy and security concerns have trumped past efforts to reform the North Korean economy, Pyongyang is implementing important economic reforms despite renewed tensions with the United States. This is in response to a leadership debate - between 'reformers' and 'conservatives' over whether Pyongyang's military industrial complex should be scaled back to help ensure the success of reforms - that is fundamentally transforming the country. The direction of these developments reflects strong pro-reform forces in the leadership and could have profound implications for the future of national security policy. Pyongyang may decide that a more favourable external security environment is key to securing access to international assistance for its reform measures and, ultimately, downsizing its military. It could launch a policy of engagement that would include greater flexibility in the Beijing Six Party Talks. But internal struggle over reform could lead to indecision on security and foreign policy issues, including at the nuclear talks. Progress in reform may, paradoxically, strengthen conservatives, fuelling hopes in Pyongyang that the economy can be improved while maintaining a large, powerful military. Whether Washington can influence the debate is unclear, but a US policy of engagement could enhance the chances of success for North Korean advocates of reform.

Addressing health inequalities for Indigenous Peoples and communities is an urgent priority in Canada. The aim of this evidence review was to better understand the challenges and best practices of health planning for Indigenous populations. In total, 29 articles met our inclusion criteria, from which we distilled four main themes: (a) Managing health care in organizations serving Indigenous clientele; (b) Assessing Indigenous health needs and their related costs; (c) Toward cultural safety in health planning; and (d) Stakeholder participation in health planning. Our review indicates that while little has been published about challenges and best practices of health planning for Indigenous populations, there are important lessons to be learned from this literature, including promising practices for decision makers.

Successful responses to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada's (TRC, 2015) Calls to Action require "joint leadership, trust-building, and transparency" between Canadian public institutions and First Nations. In the area of health and wellness, community participation in priority setting and planning constitutes one important step forward. In 2013, the Québec Cree regional health and social services agency launched a unique wellness planning initiative involving community participation in regional level policy-making. This article reports on a qualitative study conducted with key agency staff, an early component of a broader developmental participatory evaluation. Focusing on contextual challenges to and ways forward on community participation in planning, thematic analysis of 17 semi-structured interviews revealed important nuances between Cree and non-Cree perspectives: These perspectives reflected an empowerment versus a utilitarian view of participation, respectively. Cree Elders consulted on these results highlighted the ontological and epistemological distinction of Cree perspectives, and the importance of bringing these forth. These interpretations point to the relevance of extending cultural safety to institution-level processes bearing on relationships with communities and potentially building capacity for participation.