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AbstractTheory and empirical research suggest that parental scaffolding of children's participation in chores may contribute to the development of early helping. Sixty mother–child dyads with toddlers between 18 and 24 months of age were assessed on two measures of scaffolding (during a cleanup chore; reading an emotionally laden book together). Children's helping was assessed in five tasks with an experimenter, and children were also assessed for social approach to an unfamiliar adult as a measure of sociability, and for internal state language as a measure of social understanding. Both mothers' scaffolding of everyday helping and children's sociability uniquely predicted individual differences in children's helping. Thus, individual differences in children's helping appear early, and are associated with both temperament and with parents' efforts to support and encourage young children's helpfulness.

Introduction: overview / Ulrich Müller, Jeremy I.M. Carpendale, Leslie Smith -- The historical context of Piaget's ideas / Marylène Bennour, Jacques Vonèche -- Piaget's developmental epistemology / Leslie Smith -- Piaget's biology / John G. Messerly -- On the concept(s) of the social in Piaget / Richard F. Kitchener -- Piaget on equilibration / Jan Boom -- Constructive processes: abstraction, generalization, and dialectics / Robert L. Campbell -- Piaget and method / Trevor Bond, Anastasia Tryphon -- Infancy / Ulrich Müller -- Childhood / Maximilian B. Bibok, Ulrich Müller, Jeremy I.M. Carpendale -- Adolescence / David Moshman -- Piaget's theory of moral development / Jeremy I.M. Carpendale -- Piaget's enduring contribution to a science of consciousness / Michel Ferrari -- Piaget and affectivity / Bryan W. Sokol, Stuart I. Hammond -- Piaget's pedagogy / Leslie Smith -- Piaget in the United States, 1925-1971 / Yeh Hsueh -- The mind's staircase revised / Thomas Kesselring -- Dynamic development: a neo-Piagetian approach / L. Todd Rose, Kurt W. Fischer

AbstractToddlers' helping has been interpreted as early evidence of cooperation and altruism. We consider whether this important social activity might, instead, be due to toddlers' interest in participating in the activity of others, and we illustrate this possibility with diary observations of infants' social and communicative development. This alternative view of toddlers' helping as one manifestation of a more‐general tendency for social engagement requires a different approach to the explanation of this aspect of social development. We argue for a relational developmental systems account of the emergence and further development of infants' social and emotional engagement leading to toddlers' helping.

In this new volume, leading researchers provide state-of-the-art perspectives on how social interaction influences the development of knowledge. The book integrates approaches from a variety of disciplines including developmental psychology, psychopathology, philosophy, anthropology, sociology, evolutionary biology, and primatology. It reviews the nature and type of interactions that promote development as well as the conceptual frameworks used to explain the relation between individuals and groups. Social Life and Social Knowledge comprehensively addresses conceptual questions central to unde