Suchergebnisse

The many economic, political, technological, social and demographic changes in society that have taken place over the last half century have changed the needs, conception and practices in adult orientation and training in France. It is in this context that Career Development Counselling (Conseil en évolution professionnelle, i.e. CEP) came into being in 2015, enabling everyone to benefit free of charge and throughout their professional life, from a service whose ambition is to support and secure career paths at the local level within the framework of the public guidance service. This new service therefore aims to respond to a set of challenges that are both collective (to meet the socio-economic needs of the territories) but also individual (by helping individuals to better manage their professional life). The first studies on the CEP were mainly focused on the work of professional development advisors and their professionalization. This is why, in order to complete and nourish the field of research, we have elected to study the CEP through certain aspects of the social interaction situations experienced during the counselling sessions and also through their confrontation with both the beneficiaries' and the counsellors' points of view. Data collection and analysis was organized around three studies based on 48 observations of CEP interviews and interviews with 36 beneficiaries of the service and 23 advisors. They were all chosen amongst those who had been observed previously. From the results we have identified six criteria allowing us to compare the CEP practices in the different institutions involved in the service. Based on these observations, the CEP's operation seems to be characterised by two more or less explicit models, which are themselves characterised by different time frames and modes of intervention. The first aims at short-term employability and is based on a conjunctural dialogue based on the circumstances imposed on the beneficiaries. The second aims at lifelong guidance and involves different ...

The many economic, political, technological, social and demographic changes in society that have taken place over the last half century have changed the needs, conception and practices in adult orientation and training in France. It is in this context that Career Development Counselling (Conseil en évolution professionnelle, i.e. CEP) came into being in 2015, enabling everyone to benefit free of charge and throughout their professional life, from a service whose ambition is to support and secure career paths at the local level within the framework of the public guidance service. This new service therefore aims to respond to a set of challenges that are both collective (to meet the socio-economic needs of the territories) but also individual (by helping individuals to better manage their professional life). The first studies on the CEP were mainly focused on the work of professional development advisors and their professionalization. This is why, in order to complete and nourish the field of research, we have elected to study the CEP through certain aspects of the social interaction situations experienced during the counselling sessions and also through their confrontation with both the beneficiaries' and the counsellors' points of view. Data collection and analysis was organized around three studies based on 48 observations of CEP interviews and interviews with 36 beneficiaries of the service and 23 advisors. They were all chosen amongst those who had been observed previously. From the results we have identified six criteria allowing us to compare the CEP practices in the different institutions involved in the service. Based on these observations, the CEP's operation seems to be characterised by two more or less explicit models, which are themselves characterised by different time frames and modes of intervention. The first aims at short-term employability and is based on a conjunctural dialogue based on the circumstances imposed on the beneficiaries. The second aims at lifelong guidance and involves different ...

This landmark volume brings together leading scholars in the field to investigate recent conceptual shifts, research findings and policy debates on the informal economy. Researchers, practitioners and policy makers will find this book an invaluable guide to the significance of the informal economy.

Introduction -- Numerous, young, female, and poorly paid: a profile of the U.S. retail workforce and its context -- Change and variation in retail jobs in the United States: a view from case studies -- Competitive and labor strategies: addressing sustainability -- Comparing retail jobs between the United States and Western Europe -- Cashiers in large supermarkets in France and the United States: the role of societal effects -- The surprisingly changeable Wal-mart around the world -- Conclusion

This landmark volume brings together leading scholars in the field to investigate recent conceptual shifts, research findings and policy debates on the informal economy. Researchers, practitioners and policy makers will find this book an invaluable guide to the significance of the informal economy.

List of illustrationsList of ContributorsAcknowledgementsINTRODUCTION -- Martha Chen and Françoise CarréPART 1 -- THE INFORMAL ECONOMY REVISITED1. Informality: The Bane of the Labouring Poor under Globalized Capitalism -- Jan Breman2. India's Informal Economy: Past, Present and Future -- Barbara Harriss-WhitePART 2 -- INFORMAL EMPLOYMENT: ADVANCES IN STATISTICS AND RESEARCH3. Informal Employment: Advances in Statistics and WlEGO's Contribution -- Joann Vanek4. Informal Employment in Developed Countries: Relevance and Statistical Measurement -- Françoise Carré5. The Measurement of Informal Employment in Mexico -- Rodrigo Negrete6. WIEGO Research on Informal Employment: Key Methods, Variables and Findings -- Martha ChenPART 3 -- ECONOMICS AND THE INFORMAL ECONOMY7. Assessing Taxation and Informality: Disaggregated Frameworks Matter -- Ravi Kanbur8. Informality and the Dynamics of the Structure of Employment -- James Heintz9. Old and New Forms of Informal Employment -- Uma Rani10. Tax and the Informal Economy: Lessons from South Africa -- Imraan Valodia and David Francis11. (Re)conceptualizing Poverty and Informal Employment -- Michael Rogan and Paul CichelloPART 4 -- LABOUR LAW AND THE INFORMAL ECONOMY12. Revising Labour Law for Work -- Judy Fudge13. Domestic Workers and Informality: Challenging Invisibility, Regulating Inclusion -- Adelle Blackett14. Enforcement of Labour Standards in Developing Countries: Challenges and Solutions -- Michael J. PiorePART 5 -- URBAN PLANNING AND DESIGN: INCLUDING INFORMAL LIVELIHOODS15. The Informal Economy in Urban Africa: Challenging Planning Theory and Praxis -- Caroline Skinner and Vanessa Watson16. Urban Design: Imaginations beyond Architecture -- Rahul Mehrotra17. Informality, Housing and Work: The View from Indian Cities -- Gautam BhanPART 6 -- HOMEWORKERS: EXTENDING LABOUR RIGHTS IN GLOBAL SUPPLY CHAINS18. Regulating Corporations in Global Value Chains to Realize Labour Rights for Homeworkers -- Marlese von Broembsen19. Extending Labour Standards to Informal Workers at the Base of Global Garment Value Chains: New Institutions in the Labour Market -- Meenu TewariPART 7 -- STREET VENDORS: POLITICS AND POSSIBILITIES FOR INCLUSION20. Street Vendors and Planning Paradigms -- Amin Y. Kamete21. Street Vending and the State: Challenging Theory, Changing Research -- Veronica Crossa22. Street Vendors and Regulations -- Sally RoeverPART 8 -- WASTE PICKERS: INTEGRATION AND RIGHTS IN PUBLIC WASTE MANAGEMENT23. Waste Pickers and Their Right to the City: Dispossession and Displacement in 19th Century Paris and Contemporary Montevideo -- Lucía Fernandez24. Managing Urban Waste as a Common Pool Resource -- Jérémie Cavé25. The Political Work of Waste Picker Integration -- Melanie SamsonPART 9 -- SOCIAL POLICY AND INFORMAL WORKERS26. The Place of Informal Workers in Different Approaches to Social Protection -- Francie Lund27. Social Protection and Informal Workers: Rethinking the Terms of Inclusion -- Laura Alfers28. Social Protection for Women Informal Workers: Perspectives from Latin America -- Silke Staab29. Informal Workers in a Context of Urbanisation and Migration: Reflections from China for Social Policy in Asia -- Sarah Cook30. Realising Employer Liability for Workers in Informal Employment: Lessons from India -- Kamala SankaranPART 10 -- INFORMAL WORKERS AND THE STATE31. Deciphering African Informal Economies -- Kate Meagher32. Informal Workers and the State in India -- Rina Agarwala33. Informal Domestic Workers, Informal Construction Workers and the State: What Prospects for Improving Labour Standards? -- Chris Tilly34. Waste and Citizenship Forum: Waste Pickers and the State in Brazil -- Sonia DiasCONCLUSION -- Martha Chen, Françoise Carré and Sally RoeverBibliography

An edited book in the Critical Perspectives on Work and Employment Series that is associated with the annual International Labour Process Conference, it focuses on job quality: debates, developments, issues and trends; workplace practice and interventions. Written by world-leading academics, it contains cutting-edge research.

Is "standard employment" still what it used to be? / Annette Bernhardt and Dave E. Marcotte -- Definition, composition, and economic consequences of the nonstandard workforce / Anne E. Polivka, Sharon R. Cohany, and Steven Hipple -- Limits to market-mediated employment : from deconstruction to reconstruction of internal labor markets / Philip Moss, Harold Salzman, and Chris Tilly -- The evolution of the demand for temporary help supply employment in the United States / Marcello Estevão and Saul Lach -- Organization size and flexible staffing arrangements in the United States / Arne L. Kalleberg and Jeremy Reynolds -- Nonstandard and contingent employment : contrasts by job type, industry, and occupation / Dale Belman and Lonnie Golden -- The effects of part-time and self-employment on wages and benefits : differences by race/ethnicity and gender / Marianne A. Ferber and Jane Waldfogel -- The bottom-line impact of nonstandard jobs on companies' profitability and productivity / Shulamit Kahn -- HR strategy and nonstandard work : dualism versus true mobility / Charles Heckscher -- Historical perspectives on representing nonstandard workers / Dorothy Sue Cobble and Leah F. Vosko -- Looking for leverage in a fluid world : innovative responses to temporary and contracted work / Françoise Carré and Pamela Joshi -- Building "jobs with a future" in Wisconsin : lessons from Dane County / Laura Dresser -- Labor in the new economy : lessons from labor organizing in Silicon Valley / Chris Benner and Amy Dean -- CWA's organizing strategies : transforming contract work into union jobs / Virginia L. duRivage -- New thinking on worker groups' role in a flexible economy / Sara Horowitz -- Nonstandard employment and the structure of postindustrial labor markets / Stephen A. Herzenberg, John A. Alic, and Howard Wial

Despite numerous similarities between the food retail sectors of France and the USA, there are significant contrasts in the jobs, and in particular the modal job, cashier. Notably, there are differences in pay, productivity and physical working position. Using the concept of 'national-sectoral models' of employment practices, this research draws on in-depth, interview-based case studies of food retailers in France and the USA, as well as standard data sources, to probe the reasons for these differences. Cross-national differences in wage-setting institutions, along with other institutional differences linked to family roles and disparate shopping cultures in the two countries, are key causes. These differences play out in interaction with distinct labour supply patterns, themselves based in part on differing institutions regarding reproduction of the labour force.

In September 1996, Fleet Financial Group and the Radcliffe Public Policy Institute undertook a one‐year pilot project addressing a "dual agenda" – reexamining work processes to achieve positive business outcomes while also helping employees better integrate work responsibilities with life outside of work. The chosen sites for the experiments were a retail/small business banking unit and a portfolio management unit. Radcliffe‐Fleet Project researchers employed two key methods: dual context and action research. Using this methodology, interventions and measures of success of the interventions were developed collaboratively with management and employees. Even in these competitive, deadline‐driven work environments, quantitative measures and qualitative assessments at each site showed a positive relationship between business outcomes and quality of life outcomes. The researchers develop guidelines for companies interested in replication of this project. Several principles are also identified for sustaining the success of effective work‐life integration interventions and institutionalizing the "dual agenda" in the workplace.

As wages stagnate but living costs keep rising, the pressure on working people grows more intense. The issue of living standards has become one of the most urgent challenges for politicians in both Britain and America. 'The squeezed middle' brings together experts from both sides of the Atlantic to ask what the UK can learn from the US. American workers have not benefited from growth for an entire generation - the average American worker earned no more in 2009 than in 1975. Now British workers are undergoing a similar experience. No longer can they assume that when the economy grows their wages will grow with it. This collection brings together for the first time leading economic and policy thinkers to analyse the impact of different policies on those on low-to middle incomes and to explain what lessons the UK can learn from America's 'lost generation'. This timely book is essential reading for everyone concerned about the living standards crisis, an issue which could decide elections as well as shaping the future for millions of working families