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Criminology and its relationships with sociology are today at a crossroads, and this article explores the changing fortunes of each as they have evolved over the last 50 years. The separation has occurred as criminology has successfully established itself as an independent subject with an impressive ability to attract students, scholars and research grants. Some see the striking expansion of criminology and move away from the basic disciplines as an indication of success and impressive achievement, while others are more sceptical and highlight the costs such isolation brings. The article examines the consequences of these changes, then it focuses on the fates of some of the key concepts in sociological criminology, before concluding that social theory can be a unifying force, capable of reinvigorating the ties between the two disciplines.

AbstractThe last couple of decades have seen a remarkable cultural turn in the sociology of punishment. In a field dominated by approaches emphasising class control and disciplinary power, it is no longer possible to ignore the force of representation. This article develops a cultural analysis of punishment through two iconic examples. The first is an 18th‐Century engraving byWilliamHogarth and the second is a 20th‐CenturyAndyWarhol screen print. Each sheds light on the social and political conditions existing at the time the work was produced and condensed important disputes over the meaning of punishment.

Analyzes criminal justice policy and practice in relation to social problems; imprisonment, policing, human rights and civil liberties, and criminalization of poverty; recommendations; since election of Blair government in 1997. Included in a collection of articles under the overall title "Criminal justice and globalization at the new millennium".

Introducing visual criminology / Michelle Brown and Eamonn Carrabine -- Foundations : history, theory methods -- Law, evidence and representation / Katherine Biber -- Social science and visual culture / Eamonn Carrabine -- "We never, never talked about photography" : documentary photography, visual criminology, and method, / Jeff Ferrell -- Crime films and visual criminology / Nicole Rafter -- Key methods of visual criminology : an overview of different approaches and their affordances / Luc Pauwels -- Visions of legitimacy : public criminology, the image and the legitimation of the carceral state / Jonathan Simon -- Carceral geography and the spatialization of carceral studies / Dominique Moran -- Art and its unruly histories : old and new formations / Eamonn Carrabine -- Images and crime -- Making the criminal visible : photography and criminality / Jonathan Finn -- Documentary criminology : a cultural criminological introduction / Keith Hayward -- Going feral : kamp katrina as a case study of documentary criminology / David Redmon -- Mediated suffering / Sandra Walklate -- Media, popular culture and the lone wolf terrorist : the evolution of targeting, tactics and violent ideologies / Mark Hamm and Ramon Spaaji -- Representing the pedophile / Steven Kohm -- Street art, graffiti and urban aesthetics / Alison Young -- Risky business : visual representations in corporate crime films / Gray Cavender and Nancy Jurik -- Crimesploitation / Paul Kaplan and Daniel LaChance -- Images and criminal justice -- In plain view : violence and the police image / Travis Linneman -- The role of the visual in the restoration of social order / Tony Kearon -- Opening a window on probation cultures : a photographic imagination / Anne Worrall, Nicola Carr and Gwen Robinson -- How does the photograph punish? / Phil Carney -- The visual retreat of the prison : non-places for non-people / Yvonne Jewkes, Eleanor Slee and Dominique Moran -- Pervasive punishment : experiencing supervision / Wendy Fitzgibbon, Christine Graebsch and Fergus McNeill -- Graphic justice and criminological aesthetics : visual criminology on the streets of gotham / Thomas Giddens -- Accusing images and images accused -- Staged imagery of killing and torture : ethical and normative dimensions of seeing / Lieve Gies -- Jus des(s)erts' crime and punishment in the Italian last judgement / Lisa Wade -- Visualizing blackness : racializing gameness : social inequalities in virtual gaming communities / Jordan Mazurek and Kishonna Gray -- Visual power and sovereignty : indigenous art and colonialism / Chris Cuneen -- Asylum seekers and moving images : walking, sensorial encounters and visual criminology / Maggie O'Neill -- Visual criminology and cultural memory : the aestheticization of boat people / Jacqueline Wilson Seeing and seeing-as : Building a politics of visibility in criminology / Sarah Armstrong -- The concerned criminologist : refocusing the ethos of socially committed photographic research / Cecile Van de Voorde -- Los angeles, urban history and neo-noir cinema / Gareth Millington -- Against a "humanizing" prison cinema : the prison in twelve landscapes and the politics of abolition imagery / Brett Story -- Future directions -- Fascinated receptivity and the visual unconscious of crime / Stephen Pfohl -- The criminologist as visual scholar in a global mediascape / Michelle Brown -- Sunk capital, sinking prisons, stinking landfills : landscape, ideology, visuality and the carceral state in central appalachia / Judah Schept -- Territorial coding in street art and censure : ernest pignon-ernests contribution to visual criminology / Ronnie Lippens -- Representations of environmental crime and harm : a green-cultural criminological perspective on human-altered landscapes / Avi Brisman -- There's no place like home : encountering crime and criminality in representations of the domestic / Michael Fiddler -- Monstrous nature : a meeting of gothic, green and cultural criminologies / Nigel South.

The relationship between power and resistance behind prison walls has long animated sociological discussions of imprisonment. In this article we advance a fresh understanding of resistance that recognizes the multi-faceted dimensions of prisoner agency while acknowledging the dangers in simply valorizing the strategies of the confined to subvert penal power. For us the importance of resistance is that it makes explicit the connections between everyday actions and broader inequalities. Nevertheless we identify three limitations in conventional characterizations of resistance. First it is understood as a privileged quality in the human spirit. Second, is the assumption that those who do not challenge authority accept the legitimacy of the institution. Third is the equation of resistance with rudimentary political action. Though drawing on our empirical research conducted in male and female prisons in the UK we refine the concept to overcome these limitations. In particular we indicate how social identities mediate prisoner agency and are crucially implicated in acts of contestation. Our more general ambition is to place at the centre of prison sociology the still marginalized issues of gender, race and sexuality.

The paper explores the significance of some contemporary writing on masculinities to the management of male prisons. It argues that the incorporation of gender into discussions of imprisonment is an important development, but that there has been a tendency to focus on prisoners rather than prisons as organisations. Drawing on work which has emphasised the gendered nature of contemporary organisation structure and struggles, the paper examines interactions around masculinity in 'routine'and 'exceptional'types of prison management. The discussion of the routine leads, inter alia, to an examination of the place of the body in struggles over control. The consideration of the exceptional points to the significance of the processual constitution of masculine identity. The emphasis on contestation and constitution is reiterated in the conclusion which connects the approach developed to some contemporary research on female prisons.

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of figures -- About the editors -- Notes on contributors -- Preface -- A rendezvous subject? A fragmented discipline? An introduction to The Routledge Companion to Criminological Theory and Concepts -- Part 1 Foundations of criminological thought and contemporary revitalizations -- Part 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Religion, spirituality and crime -- 1.2 Classical criminology -- 1.3 Utilitarianism -- 1.4 Positivism -- 1.5 Biological criminology -- 1.6 Pathology -- 1.7 Psychopathy -- 1.8 Learning theory -- 1.9 Personality theory -- 1.10 Psychoanalytic perspectives -- 1.11 Biosocial theory -- 1.12 Developmental criminology -- 1.13 Life-course theory -- 1.14 Experimental criminology -- 1.15 Forensic psychology -- 1.16 Neurocriminology -- 1.17 Deterrence -- 1.18 Rational choice -- Part 2 The emergence and growth of American criminology -- Part 2 Introduction -- 2.1 Chicago School -- 2.2 Social disorganization theory -- 2.3 Anomie -- 2.4 Differential association -- 2.5 Social learning theory -- 2.6 Control theories -- 2.7 Techniques of neutralization -- 2.8 Market society and crime -- 2.9 General strain theory -- 2.10 Relative deprivation -- Part 3 From appreciation to critique -- Part 3 Introduction -- 3.1 Appreciative criminology -- 3.2 Birmingham Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies -- 3.3 Critical criminologies -- 3.4 Defiance theory -- 3.5 Drift -- 3.6 Feminist criminologies -- 3.7 Folk devils -- 3.8 Labelling theory -- 3.9 Marxist criminologies -- 3.10 Moral panic -- 3.11 Newsmaking criminology -- 3.12 Peacemaking in criminology -- 3.13 Radical feminism -- 3.14 Realism and left idealism -- 3.15 Social constructionism -- 3.16 Stigma -- 3.17 Subculture -- 3.18 Symbolic interactionism -- Part 4 Late critical criminologies and new directions -- Part 4 Introduction -- 4.1 Anarchist criminology

When GB's New Labour Party swept into power in 1997, many people hoped that the Party's new political vision for social justice & human rights would become a reality. After one term in office, it is evident that New Labour's populist punitive approach has simply perpetuated the tensions that have long existed within GB's criminal justice system. New Labour's endorsement of "zero tolerance" policing further supports the fact that New Labour's strategies are not aimed at improving social justice & human rights. Homelessness & poverty have likewise not been approached with acceptable policies. Because the politicians have not succeeded in implementing a viable public criminology, it is essential that power be given back to the people. 44 References. K. A. Larsen