Suchergebnisse

In the mid‐1990s China introduced a means‐test cash benefit called the Minimum Living Standard Guarantee System (dibao). Alongside the increases in both the number of beneficiaries and the budget, there is growing public concern that dibao is creating welfare dependency. Using survey data collected in three cities in China, we investigated to what extent dibao beneficiaries look for work. Focus group discussions were held with programme administrators and beneficiaries. While headline figures suggest that a considerable proportion of beneficiaries are of working‐age and able to work, their personal and household circumstances are important factors in determining their long‐term unemployment. There are also dibao design issues that have created financial disincentives to work. The specific origins of the policy of addressing the problem created by layoffs of inefficient state‐owned enterprises are still affecting the implementation of the programme and preventing it from playing a significant role in poverty reduction.

The impact of disability on people's lives is often underestimated because the extra costs of living with a disability are not accounted for. This paper analyzes several different methodologies for estimating those costs and explores their usefulness in designing inclusive social policies. For example, one approach is to measure what is currently being spent, while another is to estimate what would need to be spent for equal participation. These can be measured using statistical techniques or through a more qualitative methodology. Each of these methods has its advantages and disadvantages. The paper concludes with recommendations for which methodology fits which purpose, and how they can be used together to obtain a full accounting of the extra costs incurred by people with disabilities.

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Tables, Figures, and Boxes -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- Contributors -- Overview -- 1 The Social Protection Agenda of the Sustainable Development Goals and Its Fiscal Challenge -- 2 Mongolia -- 3 Myanmar -- 4 Timor-Leste -- 5 Social Assistance -- 6 Health Care -- 7 Social Insurance -- Appendixes -- 1 Sustainable Development Goals, Governance, and Outcome Targets Constituting the Social Protection Agenda of the Sustainable Development Goals -- 2 A Robust, Two-Step Modeling Methodology -- 3 Statistical Tables