En este artículo se explorará el rol que cumplen la vivienda y la actividad residencial en la configuración de los centros históricos en América Latina. Generalmente relegadas frente al monumentalismo, es necesario investigar, reflexionar y posicionar desde la academia y las políticas públicas, la importancia estructural que éstas tienen para su definición. Frente al peso que adquiere el turismo como eje de análisis central de los centros históricos, se trabajará aquí la importancia de ampliar la mirada sobre lo patrimonial, superando algunos vacíos y poniéndolo en discusión a partir de las realidades latinoamericanas. Con este trabajo se busca resaltar la importancia que tiene la función residencial y la vivienda para la nueva comprensión de los centros históricos y para las políticas públicas que deben diseñarse acorde a ellos. ; This paper will explore the role of dwelling and residential activity in the configuration of Latin America's historic districts. Generally relegated to monumentalism, it is necessary to investigate, reflect and position from academia and public politics, the structural importance they have for their definition. Against weight acquired by tourism as a central analysis axis of historic districts, will work here the importance of extend the view on the patrimonial, overcoming some empties and putting it in discussion from the Latin American realities. This paper seeks to highlight the importance that has the residential function and housing for the new understanding of historic districts and for public politics that must be designed according to them.
[ES] El gobierno de la ciudad en América Latina debe ser entendido a partir de una doble óptica interrelacionada: por un lado, en su condición histórica, en términos de que en las últimas décadas se prefiguran claramente dos momentos; el primero vinculado a la ciudad frontera, donde prima la jerarquía urbana y el gobierno intra urbano, que terminó siendo desbordado por las demandas del crecimiento demográfico, lo cual condujo a políticas de planificación que negaron la existencia de grandes grupos de población (marginales, ilegales) y de la participación entendida como autoconstrucción (deja la responsabilidad a la sociedad); y el segundo, inscrito en la ciudad relacional donde la lógica inter urbana construye un sistema urbano, justo en un momento en que la descentralización y la privatización llegan para impulsar políticas urbanas. Por otro lado, la comprensión de que el gobierno de la ciudad no es homogéneo y menos que se presenta bajo una forma única; por eso en este último momento existe un modelo empresarial-privado y también otro en que lo público rige tanto en la gestión como la propia ciudad. ; [EN] The government of a city in Latin America has to be understood from a double interrelated optic: on the one hand, in his historical condition, in the last two decades two moments are clearly prefigured; first one, linked to the border city, where prevail the urban hierarchy and intra-urban government, which was finally overwhelmed by demands of demographic grown. This lead to planning politics which denied the existence of big groups of population (marginalized, illegals) and participation understood as self-construction (lends responsibility in the society). The second one, enrolled in the relational city where the inter-urban logic builds an urban system, while decentralization and privatization start boosting urban politics. On the other hand, the understanding of government of the city as something not homogeneous, that is why in the last moment exist a private model and also another one in which the public applies both in the management and in the city itself.
Para que la descentralización ocurra, se requiere, como condición básica, la existencia de la unidad como un todo. Dicho de otra manera, sin una propuesta real de descentralización, este proceso puede potenciar todos los vicios que arrastra y negar las virtudes que tiene. De allí que en la actualidad la descentralización sea la expresión vaga de un malestar y de un descontento local-nacional no siempre bien definido, que no llega a representar un movimiento social con un programa.
Part 1: Introduction -- Introduction. Urbicidio: An unprecedented methodological entry in urban studies?- Part 2: Urbicidio. The death of the city -- Urbicide. The liturgical murder of the city -- Death by theory and the power of ideas: From theories of cities to "Smart" Cities -- Urbicide: Towards a conceptualization -- Urban order and disorder. Genealogy of urbicide -- Imaginaries and archetypes on the death of the city -- Covid 19 and the city: Reframing our Understanding of Urbicide by Learning from the Pandemic -- Part 3: Aniquilation: The end of the public space -- The ideology of public space and the new urban hygienism: Tactical urbanism in times of pandemic -- The transformation of urban and digital spaces from a democratic perspective -- Streets, avenues and highways -- The post-automobile city. From deterritorialization to the proximity city: The case of Madrid -- Mobility as an expression of the Urbicide: The risks of transport modernization in Latin American metropolises -- Part 4: Deterioration of the building environment -- The urbanization of risk -- Urbicide or suicide? Shaping environmental risk in an urban growth context: The example of Quito city (Ecuador) -- Between greens and grays: Urbanization and territorial destruction in the Sabana de Bogotá -- Overregulation, corruption and Urbicide -- Obsolescence of the building environment -- Part 5: Dissolution of social interaction -- The (un)made city: Spatial fragmentation, social inequalities and (de)compositions of urban life -- The city and the abandonment of public space. Between neoliberal urbanism and citizen urbanism -- A "New" urban colonialism? North-South migration and racially structured gentrification in Latin America -- Urban frontiers in the fracturing city: Heritage, tourism and immigration -- The production of emptied places in the borderlands of the metropolitan area of Buenos Aires -- Part 6: Degradation and abandonment -- Reconstructing cultural paradigms. Experiences in East Europe: The historical memory of the historical centers in Lithuania -- Lose the memory, lose the history, lose the city -- Revolt and destruction. The public and monument landscape in Latin American cities -- Trends of urban and territorial reconfiguration in metropolitan Buenos Aires -- Anatomy of an Urbicide. Social housing in Santiago 1980-2006 -- Urbicide. A look through the mirror -- Part 7: Destruction of common life: Violence -- The besieged city: Geographies of crime -- Urbicide, violence and destruction against cities by criminal organizations -- Discursive understandings of the city and the persistence of gender inequality -- Border cities between life and death: Ciudad Juárez and El Paso -- Part 8: Contraction of public management: Privatization -- The metamorphosis of infrastructure in Latin American urbanization: From insufficiency to presence as fictitious capital -- Public policies (or their absence) as part of urban destruction -- Metropolitanicide? Urbs, polis and civitas revisited -- International tourism, urban rehabilitation and the destruction of informal income-earning opportunities -- De-urbanization: From the shock to the revolution of a new urban logic -- Part 9: Urbicide: Cities cases -- Grassroots spaces make London exciting: The relationship between the civitas and the urbs -- Rio de Janeiro: The trajectory of the wonderful city, violence, and urban disenchantment -- The implosion of memory. City and drug trafficking in Medellín and the Aburrá Valley -- Caracas. Urbicide and precariousness of urban life at the beginning of the Venezuelan 21st century. The worst of capitalism and savage populism -- Santiago, the non-city? Destruction, creation, and precariousness of verticalized space -- Neoliberal urbicide in Barcelona. The case of Ciutat Vella -- Part 10: Epilogue -- Epilogue. Remake us from Ruins, collective memories and dreams -- Epilogue. The power of urban destruction.
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