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A road network is an infrastructure rooted in its territory. Its design, construction and maintenance are traditionally seenas mostly conditioned by the local physical environment and its economic conditions. This doctorate however analysesthe impact of the regulatory and administrative environment on design choices.An included historical comparison between London and Paris XX century urban networks highlights very different trendsin design choices. However, consistent decision making patterns have developed independently over time in the Britishand French networks. This doctorate demonstrates that these decision making biases are dictated by the legal frameworkof each country, which constrains government's ability to take part in the road network development process. Becauseadministrative structures have significantly changed over time, they cannot explain the observed consistency.Since the 1990's, urban transport network administrations and institutions have been profoundly reformed. These reformshave been made in the context of financial crises, reduction in infrastructure economic return and partial loss ofcompetitiveness of the automobile as a mode of transport.These reforms are different from country to country, but the only identified reason that would explain this trend is the factthat the road infrastructure is no longer a market failure. Pay-per-Use technologies of the road infrastructure are alreadyavailable, and represent a profound change in market structures. Some governments and national administrations arefinding themselves increasingly confined to regulatory duties and it is only logical to expect the road infrastructure totransform itself into a typical utility, operated by private companies. ; Le réseau routier est un outil technique ancré dans son territoire. Sa conception, sa construction et son entretien sonttraditionnellement vus comme étant le reflet des conditions géographiques et économiques du milieu. Ce doctoratanalyse l'impact du contexte réglementaire et administratif du réseau sur ...

A road network is an infrastructure rooted in its territory. Its design, construction and maintenance are traditionally seenas mostly conditioned by the local physical environment and its economic conditions. This doctorate however analysesthe impact of the regulatory and administrative environment on design choices.An included historical comparison between London and Paris XX century urban networks highlights very different trendsin design choices. However, consistent decision making patterns have developed independently over time in the Britishand French networks. This doctorate demonstrates that these decision making biases are dictated by the legal frameworkof each country, which constrains government's ability to take part in the road network development process. Becauseadministrative structures have significantly changed over time, they cannot explain the observed consistency.Since the 1990's, urban transport network administrations and institutions have been profoundly reformed. These reformshave been made in the context of financial crises, reduction in infrastructure economic return and partial loss ofcompetitiveness of the automobile as a mode of transport.These reforms are different from country to country, but the only identified reason that would explain this trend is the factthat the road infrastructure is no longer a market failure. Pay-per-Use technologies of the road infrastructure are alreadyavailable, and represent a profound change in market structures. Some governments and national administrations arefinding themselves increasingly confined to regulatory duties and it is only logical to expect the road infrastructure totransform itself into a typical utility, operated by private companies. ; Le réseau routier est un outil technique ancré dans son territoire. Sa conception, sa construction et son entretien sonttraditionnellement vus comme étant le reflet des conditions géographiques et économiques du milieu. Ce doctoratanalyse l'impact du contexte réglementaire et administratif du réseau sur ...

A road network is an infrastructure rooted in its territory. Its design, construction and maintenance are traditionally seenas mostly conditioned by the local physical environment and its economic conditions. This doctorate however analysesthe impact of the regulatory and administrative environment on design choices.An included historical comparison between London and Paris XX century urban networks highlights very different trendsin design choices. However, consistent decision making patterns have developed independently over time in the Britishand French networks. This doctorate demonstrates that these decision making biases are dictated by the legal frameworkof each country, which constrains government's ability to take part in the road network development process. Becauseadministrative structures have significantly changed over time, they cannot explain the observed consistency.Since the 1990's, urban transport network administrations and institutions have been profoundly reformed. These reformshave been made in the context of financial crises, reduction in infrastructure economic return and partial loss ofcompetitiveness of the automobile as a mode of transport.These reforms are different from country to country, but the only identified reason that would explain this trend is the factthat the road infrastructure is no longer a market failure. Pay-per-Use technologies of the road infrastructure are alreadyavailable, and represent a profound change in market structures. Some governments and national administrations arefinding themselves increasingly confined to regulatory duties and it is only logical to expect the road infrastructure totransform itself into a typical utility, operated by private companies. ; Le réseau routier est un outil technique ancré dans son territoire. Sa conception, sa construction et son entretien sonttraditionnellement vus comme étant le reflet des conditions géographiques et économiques du milieu. Ce doctoratanalyse l'impact du contexte réglementaire et administratif du réseau sur les choix techniques effectués.La comparaison de l'évolution des réseaux de transport urbains au XXème siècle dans les régions londonienne etparisienne montre en effet des divergences importantes. Cependant, une forte continuité historique existe, aussi bien enFrance qu'au Royaume-Uni, dans la sélection des solutions techniques adoptées. Ce travail de doctorat identifie le faitque cette stabilité est le reflet de la stabilité du cadre légal. L'analyse historique effectuée exclue clairement l'approcheinstitutionnaliste du comportement des administrations et entreprises en charge du réseau. En effet, au cours de cettelongue période, ces dernières ont beaucoup changé, les personnels aussi, mais les réactions des agents demeurent trèssimilaires.Depuis les années 1990, les administrations et institutions en charge du réseau ont été profondément réformées. Cesréformes ont été menées sur fond de crise financière, de baisse dramatique du retour sur investissement desinfrastructures routières et de la chute partielle de compétitivité du mode de transport automobile.Ces réformes conservent des spécificités nationales fortes mais la seule explication trouvée à leur cohérence globale estle fait que le réseau routier ne peut plus être considéré comme une défaillance du marché. Les outils de collecte depaiement à l'usage existent, sont de plus en plus couramment utilisés, et il serait logique de voir l'infrastructure routièreentrer rapidement dans le cadre des autres industries de réseau.

A road network is an infrastructure rooted in its territory. Its design, construction and maintenance are traditionally seenas mostly conditioned by the local physical environment and its economic conditions. This doctorate however analysesthe impact of the regulatory and administrative environment on design choices.An included historical comparison between London and Paris XX century urban networks highlights very different trendsin design choices. However, consistent decision making patterns have developed independently over time in the Britishand French networks. This doctorate demonstrates that these decision making biases are dictated by the legal frameworkof each country, which constrains government's ability to take part in the road network development process. Becauseadministrative structures have significantly changed over time, they cannot explain the observed consistency.Since the 1990's, urban transport network administrations and institutions have been profoundly reformed. These reformshave been made in the context of financial crises, reduction in infrastructure economic return and partial loss ofcompetitiveness of the automobile as a mode of transport.These reforms are different from country to country, but the only identified reason that would explain this trend is the factthat the road infrastructure is no longer a market failure. Pay-per-Use technologies of the road infrastructure are alreadyavailable, and represent a profound change in market structures. Some governments and national administrations arefinding themselves increasingly confined to regulatory duties and it is only logical to expect the road infrastructure totransform itself into a typical utility, operated by private companies. ; Le réseau routier est un outil technique ancré dans son territoire. Sa conception, sa construction et son entretien sonttraditionnellement vus comme étant le reflet des conditions géographiques et économiques du milieu. Ce doctoratanalyse l'impact du contexte réglementaire et administratif du réseau sur ...

A road network is an infrastructure rooted in its territory. Its design, construction and maintenance are traditionally seenas mostly conditioned by the local physical environment and its economic conditions. This doctorate however analysesthe impact of the regulatory and administrative environment on design choices.An included historical comparison between London and Paris XX century urban networks highlights very different trendsin design choices. However, consistent decision making patterns have developed independently over time in the Britishand French networks. This doctorate demonstrates that these decision making biases are dictated by the legal frameworkof each country, which constrains government's ability to take part in the road network development process. Becauseadministrative structures have significantly changed over time, they cannot explain the observed consistency.Since the 1990's, urban transport network administrations and institutions have been profoundly reformed. These reformshave been made in the context of financial crises, reduction in infrastructure economic return and partial loss ofcompetitiveness of the automobile as a mode of transport.These reforms are different from country to country, but the only identified reason that would explain this trend is the factthat the road infrastructure is no longer a market failure. Pay-per-Use technologies of the road infrastructure are alreadyavailable, and represent a profound change in market structures. Some governments and national administrations arefinding themselves increasingly confined to regulatory duties and it is only logical to expect the road infrastructure totransform itself into a typical utility, operated by private companies. ; Le réseau routier est un outil technique ancré dans son territoire. Sa conception, sa construction et son entretien sonttraditionnellement vus comme étant le reflet des conditions géographiques et économiques du milieu. Ce doctoratanalyse l'impact du contexte réglementaire et administratif du réseau sur les choix techniques effectués.La comparaison de l'évolution des réseaux de transport urbains au XXème siècle dans les régions londonienne etparisienne montre en effet des divergences importantes. Cependant, une forte continuité historique existe, aussi bien enFrance qu'au Royaume-Uni, dans la sélection des solutions techniques adoptées. Ce travail de doctorat identifie le faitque cette stabilité est le reflet de la stabilité du cadre légal. L'analyse historique effectuée exclue clairement l'approcheinstitutionnaliste du comportement des administrations et entreprises en charge du réseau. En effet, au cours de cettelongue période, ces dernières ont beaucoup changé, les personnels aussi, mais les réactions des agents demeurent trèssimilaires.Depuis les années 1990, les administrations et institutions en charge du réseau ont été profondément réformées. Cesréformes ont été menées sur fond de crise financière, de baisse dramatique du retour sur investissement desinfrastructures routières et de la chute partielle de compétitivité du mode de transport automobile.Ces réformes conservent des spécificités nationales fortes mais la seule explication trouvée à leur cohérence globale estle fait que le réseau routier ne peut plus être considéré comme une défaillance du marché. Les outils de collecte depaiement à l'usage existent, sont de plus en plus couramment utilisés, et il serait logique de voir l'infrastructure routièreentrer rapidement dans le cadre des autres industries de réseau.