Search results

In this paper we challenge the view that the oil price has lost its influence on economic activity after the mid-1980s. While we concede that typical VAR models put forward in the literature fail to identify oil price shocks that significantly affect aggregate production, we obtain clearly negative output and positive producer price effects of oil price hikes in a firm level analysis for which we exploit a unique microeconomic data set for Germany. Inspired by this finding, we aggregate the firm level information into a single indicator that signals in which periods the German economy was in a supply regime, i.e., in a situation when prices and production moved into opposite directions. Concentrating an otherwise standard VAR based search on these periods, we are able to identify an oil price shock that affects the German production even on the aggregate level. In a counterfactual analysis we show that the 2007/08 oil price hike contributed notably to the subsequent recession in Germany even though it was by far not the main driver

In this paper we assess the information content of seven widely cited early indicators for the euro area with respect to forecasting area-wide industrial production. To this end, we use various tests that are designed to compare competing forecast models. In addition to the standard Diebold-Mariano test, we employ tests that account for specific problems typically encountered in forecast exercises. Specifically, we pay attention to nested model structures, we alleviate the problem of data snooping arising from multiple pairwise testing, and we analyze the structural stability in the relative forecast performance of one indicator compared to a benchmark model. Moreover, we consider loss functions that overweight forecast errors in booms and recessions to check whether a specific indicator that appears to be a good choice on average is also preferable in times of economic stress. We find that there is not one best indicator that uniformly dominates all its competitors. The optimal choice rather depends on the specific forecast situation and the loss function of the user. For 1-month forecasts the business climate indicator of the European Commission and the OECD composite leading indicator generally work well, for 6-month forecasts the OECD composite leading indicator performs very good by all criteria, and for 12-month forecasts the FAZ-Euro indicator published by the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung is the only one that can beat the benchmark AR(1) model.

This paper uses dynamic panel data methods to examine the determinants of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) into Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs). Our empirical model shows that the traditional determinants, such as market potential, low relative unit labor costs, a skilled workforce and relative endowments have significant and plausible e®ects. In addition, transition-specific factors such as the level and method of privatisation, and the country risk, play an important role in determining the flows of FDI into the CEECs and help explain the different attractiveness for FDI of the individual countries.

This paper evaluates the predictions of different price setting theories using a new dataset constructed from a large panel of business surveys of German retail firms over the period 1970-2010. The dataset contains firm-specific information on both price realizations and expectations. Aggregating the price data we find clear evidence in favor of state-dependence; for periods of relatively high and volatile inflation not only the size of price changes (intensive margin) but also the fraction of price adjustment (extensive margin) is important for aggregate inflation dynamics. Moreover, at the business cycle frequency, variations in the extensive margin explain a large fraction of inflation variability even for moderate inflation periods. This holds both for price realizations and expectations suggesting a role for state-dependent sticky plan models. Moreover, results from a structural sign-restriction VAR model show that the extensive margin reacts significantly to a monetary policy shock and is more important for the response of overall inflation than the intensive margin conditional on the shock. These findings confirm the validity of state-dependent pricing models that stress the importance of the extensive margin - even for low inflation periods.

Die durch die Finanzmarktkrise ausgelösten Probleme greifen derzeit rasch auf die realwirtschaftliche Ebene über. Wie verhalten sich Finanz- und Konjunkturkrise zueinander? Kann und sollte man die drohende Rezession jetzt mit Mitteln der Wirtschaftspolitik bekämpfen? Welche Instrumente sind geeignet? In welcher Dimension und in welchem Zeitrahmen sollte die Wirtschaftspolitik handeln? Was ist von dem Konjunkturpaket der Bundesregierung zu halten?

In May 2003 the European Central Bank (ECB) announced the revision of its monetary policy strategy. Although the ECB stressed that the revision would not imply any fundamental change in their decisions, this remains to be verified empirically. Therefore, this paper tries to answer the question whether the strategy revision has induced a structural break in the ECB policy reaction function. To this end, we estimate several Taylor-type reaction functions and conduct a structural change analysis using both recursive parameter estimates and structural change tests. We find that the ECB has been following a stabilizing rule and that there is no clear-cut evidence in favor of a break after the revision, even though some signals of instability show up, particularly in June 2003.