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World Affairs Online
Beyond Rome: Brescia and the Difficult Heritage of Italian Fascism
In: Journal of contemporary history, Band 59, Heft 1, S. 41-67
ISSN: 1461-7250
Physical reminders of Fascist rule in Italy can be found in virtually every Italian town and city. To date, though, studies of how Italians have dealt with this 'difficult heritage' have focused overwhelmingly on Rome, where Fascism's copious remains are treated and admired as aesthetic objects, unmoored from their political–historical origins. Implied, assumed or articulated in these studies is the idea of Rome as an exemplar of the nation: that what is true of the capital is true of the country. In fact, the idea that Rome's approach to its Fascist heritage is representative of Italy's has yet to be properly tested. This article argues for the need to go 'beyond Rome' in order to gain a deeper, richer, and more nuanced understanding of the ways in which Italians have negotiated the difficult heritage of Fascism. Focusing on the provincial Lombard city of Brescia, the article reveals the complex interplay between time, place, use, memory, aesthetics, and politics in shaping how bresciani have negotiated three surviving 'faces' of Fascism: Marcello Piacentini's monumental piazza della Vittoria; Arturo Dazzi's colossal statue 'L'Era Fascista', popularly known as the 'Bigio'; and Oscar Prati's monument-ossuary to the fallen of the Great War.
"What Shall We Do With It Now?": The Palazzo della Civiltà Italiana and the Difficult Heritage of Fascism
In: The Australian journal of politics and history: AJPH, Band 66, Heft 3, S. 377-395
ISSN: 1467-8497
This article uses the Palazzo della Civiltà Italiana (PdCI) in the Rome suburb of EUR as a case study to explore how Italians have negotiated the "difficult heritage" of Fascism since 1945. Following Sharon Macdonald, the paper understands the term difficult heritage to refer to a historically significant past that remains materially visible through sites, buildings, artworks, monuments and other artefacts, but which is difficult to reconcile with "a positive, self‐affirming contemporary identity". The paper employs a biographical approach to reveal and analyse the post‐Fascist "lives" of the PdCI, one of the most recognisable — and, in recent decades, most admired — examples of Fascist monumental architecture in Italy. With reference also to other examples of difficult Fascist heritage in Italy, and to sites associated with the difficult heritage of Nazism in Germany, the paper offers new insights into how Italy has confronted its Fascist past and places the Italian experience of difficult heritage within the broader international context.
Mussolini's Italy: Life under the Dictatorship, 1915-1945
In: The Australian journal of politics and history: AJPH, Band 53, Heft 3, S. 489-490
ISSN: 0004-9522
Whither (or Wither) the Euro? Labour and the Single Currency
In: Politics, Band 23, Heft 1, S. 1-9
ISSN: 1467-9256
New Labour has always claimed consistency in its euro policy, yet its position has undergone significant modification since Blair became party leader: early enthusiasm has given way to uncertainty. Labour's shift is commonly ascribed to political factors. This article argues the primacy of economics. Labour has a better understanding of Europe's importance to Britain than perhaps any post-war administration but, as its euro policy demonstrates, its 'new' approach to Europe is substantially a traditional one.
The Difficult Heritage of Dictatorship in Europe
In: Journal of contemporary history, Band 59, Heft 1, S. 3-10
ISSN: 1461-7250
Partnering with Local Forces: Vintage Wine, New Bottles and Future Opportunities
In: The RUSI journal: publication of the Royal United Services Institute for Defence and Security Studies, Band 156, Heft 3, S. 34-40
ISSN: 1744-0378
Partnering with local forces: vintage wine, new bottles and future opportunities
In: The RUSI journal: independent thinking on defence and security, Band 156, Heft 3, S. 34-40
ISSN: 0307-1847
World Affairs Online
Evaluating the causal impact of individual alcohol licensing decisions on local health and crime using natural experiments with synthetic controls
In: de Vocht , F , Mcquire , C , Brennan , A , Egan , M , Angus , C , Kaner , E , Beard , E , Brown , J , De Angelis , D , Carter , N , Murray , B , Dukes , R , Greenwood , E , Holden , S , Jago , R & Hickman , M 2020 , ' Evaluating the causal impact of individual alcohol licensing decisions on local health and crime using natural experiments with synthetic controls. ' , Addiction . https://doi.org/10.1111/add.15002
Background and Aims: Given the costs of alcohol to society, it is important to evaluate whether local alcohol licensing decisions can mitigate the effects of alcohol misuse. Robust natural experiment evaluations of the impact of individual licensing decisions could potentially inform and improve local decision-making. We aimed to assess whether alcohol licensing decisions can be evaluated at small spatial scale in three English local areas (1,000 – 15,000 people) by using a causal inference framework. Design: This study described three natural experiments Setting: General population Measurements: Timeseries data were obtained on emergency department admissions, ambulance call-outs, and alcohol-related crime at the Lower or Middle Super Output geographical aggregation level. Intervention and comparator: The case study interventions were (i) the closure of a nightclub following reviews; (ii) closure of a restaurant/nightclub following reviews, and (iii) implementation of new local licensing guidance (LLG). Trends in outcomes were compared to synthetic counterfactuals created using Bayesian structural timeseries. Findings: Closure of the nightclub lead to temporary, 4-month, reductions in anti-social behaviour (-18%; 95% Credible Interval -37%, -4%), with no change on other outcomes. Closure of the restaurant/nightclub did not lead to measurable changes in outcomes. The new licensing guidance lead to small reductions in drunk and disorderly behaviour (9 of a predicted 21 events averted), and the unplanned end of the LLG coincided with an increase in domestic violence of 2 incidents per month. Conclusions: The impact of local alcohol policy, even at the level of individual premises, can be evaluated using this causal framework. Local government actions such as closure or restriction of venues and licensing may have a positive impact on health and crime in the immediate surrounding area.
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