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Traces the fascinating history of scientific film during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries and shows that early experiments with cinema are important precedents of contemporary medical techniques such as ultrasound.

This article is concerned with the affective relationship among bodies and film technologies in the process of building and using filmmaking instruments, taking as its object the early Rotoscope, a device patented by the legendary American animator Max Fleischer that entailed the projection of live-action film for use as a template in the drawing of animated figures, to which the live-action trace was thought to impart life-like, normative patterns of movement. Drawing from media archaeology, psychoanalytic theories of repetition, projection, and condensation, and object relations theory, this article offers an interpretation of some of the kinds of psychic interactions offered in animated film through traces of the Rotoscope's production history found in the device's patent drawings, its patent embodiments, and its published family legend. It is proposed that the device was the locus of a collective fraternal performance, serving as a shared ground for an array of condensations and displacements and enactments of repetition compulsion among the multiple bodies engaged in the production of the device, as well as among the multiple animated and live-action film bodies that crossed its production screens and patent pages. One objective of this article is to shift the interpretive and analytic focus in film studies from the filmstrip and the projected screen image to the relationship between bodies and technologies in the experience of making films, and making the filmic apparatus. A secondary objective of this article is to suggest that the approach to bodily movement embedded in the design of the Rotoscope was hardly normative. The device offered a means to stretch and distort both norms and stereotypes of human expression through movement. The rotoscoped body sometimes performed in ways that pushed the limits of viewer expectations about how a given body will, or should, move, in space or across the screen.

Introduction : paradoxes of visibility / Paula A. Treichler, Lisa Cartwright, and Constance Penley -- A cultural anatomy of the visible human project / Lisa Cartwright -- The end of the road : gender, the dissemination of knowledge, and the American campaign against venereal disease during World War I / Stacie A. Colwell -- Maybe next year : feminist silence and the AIDS epidemic / Paula A. Treichler and Catherine A. Warren -- Beyond "The Yentl syndrome" : making women visible in post-1990 women's health discourse / Anne K. Eckman -- Shooting the mother : fetal photography and the politics of disappearance / Carol Stabile -- Fetal exposures : abortion politics and the optics of allusion / Valerie Hartouni -- Mothers and authors : Johnson v. Calvert and the new children of our imaginations / Mark Rose -- "Lasers for ladies" endo discourse and the inscription of science / Ella Shohat -- Living on disability : language and social policy in the wake of the ADA / Michael B(c)♭rub(c)♭ and Janet Lyon -- The empire strikes back : a posttransexual manifesto / Sandy Stone -- Beating the meat/surviving the text, or How to get out of this century alive / Vivian Sobchack -- Corporeal flows : the immune system, global economies of food, and new implications for health / Richard A. Cone and Emily Martin -- Tales from the cyrpt: contamination and quaratine in Todd Hayne's [Safe] / Gaye Naismith

Introduces key terms, concepts, debates, and histories for Disability StudiesKeywords for Disability Studies aims to broaden and define the conceptual framework of disability studies for readers and practitioners in the field and beyond. The volume engages some of the most pressing debates of our time, such as prenatal testing, euthanasia, accessibility in public transportation and the workplace, post-traumatic stress, and questions about the beginning and end of life.Each of the 60 essays in Keywords for Disability Studies focuses on a distinct critical concept, including "ethics," "medicalization," "performance," "reproduction," "identity," and "stigma," among others. Although the essays recognize that "disability" is often used as an umbrella term, the contributors to the volume avoid treating individual disabilities as keywords, and instead interrogate concepts that encompass different components of the social and bodily experience of disability. The essays approach disability as an embodied condition, a mutable historical phenomenon, and a social, political, and cultural identity.An invaluable resource for students and scholars alike, Keywords for Disability Studies brings the debates that have often remained internal to disability studies into a wider field of critical discourse, providing opportunities for fresh theoretical considerations of the field's core presuppositions through a variety of disciplinary perspectives.Visit keywords.nyupress.org for online essays, teaching resources, and more