Suchergebnisse

Las narrativas que construyeron la nación uruguaya ocultaron los procesos de dominación y subordinación de los pueblos indígenas y los invisibilizaron. Dichas narrativas operan en relación a otros dispositivos, entre los que se encuentran los enunciados científicos y la educación hegemónica que, desde presupuestos evolucionistas y esencialistas, aprisionan a los indígenas en el pasado y niegan su existencia en el presente. Los procesos de reemergencia indígena en Uruguay, que tienen inicio en fines de los años ochenta, incluyen una profunda toma de conciencia por parte de los sujetos que se reconocen como charrúas o "descendientes" sobre la violencia de la que fueron víctimas sus ancestros y sobre la continuidad de esa violencia a través de dispositivos de invisibilización como la ciencia y la educación hegemónica. En este proceso se apropian, deconstruyen y reinterpretan dichos dispositivos para emprender acciones en concordancia con sus posicionamientos y objetivos políticos y transformar su realidad social. En el marco de una investigación realizada desde la antropología colaborativa, me propongo reflexionar sobre las acciones que desarrolla el Consejo de la Nación Charrúa (CONACHA) a partir de prácticas educativas decoloniales que involucran la educación intercultural. Me centraré en la Escuela Intercultural Charrúa Itinerante (ESICHAI) creada por los propios indígenas para enfrentar los discursos de invisibilización, recuperar la memoria colectiva y formar sus integrantes para que actúen en la lucha por el reconocimiento de sus derechos como pueblo existente y preexistente.

Western hemisphere varieties of Spanish and Portuguese show substantial similarity in the patterning of sociolinguistic variation and change. Caribbean and coastal dialects of Latin American Spanish share several variables with Brazilian Portuguese (e.g., deletion of coda -s, -r). These variables also show similar social distribution in Hispanic and Lusophone communities: formal styles and high status speakers are consonantally conservative, while higher deletion is associated with working class speakers and informal styles. The regions that show these sociolinguistic parallels also share comm

O presente artigo apresentará algumas considerações resultantes da dissertação que buscou analisar a dinâmica que perpassa a atuação profissional das mulheres motoristas de ônibus no transporte coletivo de Curitiba e Região Metropolitana (CRM). Considerando a disparidade existente entre a quantidade de motoristas de ônibus do sexo masculino em comparação com a quantidade de motoristas de ônibus do sexo feminino, procurou-se analisar a percepção das motoristas de ônibus frente às condições de acesso e permanência, os tabus, as conquistas e os desafios do exercício profissional. Constatou-se que tanto a inserção quanto a permanência na profissão, são marcadas por contradições. E apesar das desigualdades declaradas nas relações de poder dos motoristas do sexo masculino perante as mulheres motoristas, estas enfatizam igualdade de capacidade na condução dos veículos; diferenciais de conduta perante os/as usuários/as do serviço e bom desempenho no exercício profissional.

Portuguese authorities for nature conservation have been engaged in comprehensive resource networks and effective legislation and regulations for protected areas putting together different efforts to sustain biodiversity and to enlist the full range of partners. It appears that the involvement and participation of local communities was the essential basis on which protected areas would build a system of management which has integrity, security and success, particularly those including human settlements. Nevertheless, conservation measures were mostly designed by outsiders who were culturally detached and parks boundaries were mainly based on environmental criteria. Two important natural protected areas, located in the most north-eastern part of Portugal (Trás-os- Montes), have a great diversity of natural and semi-natural habitats and humanized landscapes which are repositories of nature and cultural heritage. The territories of the Natural Park of Montesinho and the Natural Park of Douro International are the result of many geographical and historical factors and represent harmonious integration of human activity with nature, allowing ecological diversity to be maintained and valued. Based on key-informants' opinions we explore their personal experience with the parks authorities and their ideas about the management of these protected areas. Key-informants main argument is that national conservation networks and strategies did not take into account regional identity, people background and local believes and habits. Moreover, it is perceived that most of the initiatives have never recognized the vital role of human activity in such areas maintenance and the contribution of local knowledge (LK) to the current environment. Many occurrences decreased the intrinsic value of regional landscapes which were considered part of the cultural heritage and had embedded intangible values such as dwelling, spiritual and aesthetical values, local tradition, neighborly and inter-generational relations. Local ideas of nature have determined distinguishable values of plants and animals and outlined different orientations towards predatory actions. ; Cultibos yerbas i saberes Fundo EDP Biodiversidade

Artigo resultante de uma comunicação oral apresentada na 10th European Association of Social Anthropologists (EASA) Conference em Agosto de 2008, na Eslovénia. Tema central: Experiencing diversity and mutuality. Painel Societies and protected areas ; Indexado ao SSCI (Social Sciences Citation Index ®) ; The study of social and economic change and the consequent landscape transformation in the Parque Natural de Montesinho and theParque Natural de Douro Internacional (two protected areas of the Northeastern Portugal) allows us to discuss the ambivalent relation between the political aims of biodiversity preservation and the social reality in protected rural areas. Ethnographic research on plant use and nature discourses, together with an analysis of social differentiation (in terms of age, gender and schooling) of ethnobotanical knowledge show us how local people dynamically combine traditional and orally-transmitted knowledge with popular or then scientific exogenous ecological knowledge, especially that learned from the media and books. These data also makes possible a reflection on what way local culture is transformed into heritage within the context of protected areas. ; FCT - Fundação Ciência e Tecnologia (Portugal) e CIMO - Centro de Investigação de Montanha (Bragança, Portugal)

Resumo publicado de comunicação oral apresentada na 10th EASA Biennial Conference: Ljubljana, Slovenia ; The study of social and economic change and the consequent landscape transformation in Parque Natural de Montesinho and Parque Natural de Douro Internacional (Northeastern Portugal) allows us to discuss the ambivalent relation between the political aims of biodiversity preservation and social reality in protected rural areas. ; FCT e Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência

Este artigo tem por objetivo refletir sobre as regulamentações institucionais para a adequação ao uso do nome social enquanto instrumento primário para o exercício da cidadania de estudantes transexuais e travestis. Para tal, realizamos junto às instituições de ensino que compõem a Rede Federal de Educação Profissional, um levantamento acerca das regulamentações específicas das instituições, no que se refere ao ano da implantação/publicação, natureza do documento, abrangência e forma de acesso ao direito. À luz de referenciais teóricos que discorrem sobre a temática buscamos relacioná-los à legislação vigente no que se refere à regulamentação do uso do nome social, bem como fazer um contraponto entre as legislações existentes que regulamentam o uso do nome social e projetos de lei refratários ao tema aqui proposto. Ao término do levantamento junto às instituições de ensino, constatamos que 79% delas possuem regulamentos próprios e destas 39% se anteciparam ao debate, implementando regulamentações próprias que antecedem as Resoluções Federais. Destacamos a importância desse fato, contudo, não se deve desconsiderar, que essas regulamentações são fruto das outras legislações e lutas do movimento LGBTI+.

Este artigo tem por finalidade apresentar os resultados de uma pesquisa, a qual objetivouconhecer o lócus das mulheres docentes do Instituto Federal do Paraná (IFPR) - CampusCuritiba. O corpo docente do Campus constitui-se por duzentos e vinte e cincoservidores/as, disto cento e sete são mulheres e cento e dezoito são homens. Aoanalisarmos esses números observamos inicialmente que não há uma prevalência no quese refere às relações de gênero, entretanto cabe investigar em que áreas elas e eles estãoatuando. A pesquisa foi feita a partir da coleta de dados documentais/institucionais, queao se ter em mãos os resultados, para além da disposição em gráficos, necessariamentenos leva a muitas reflexões que denotam uma análise qualitativa. Acreditamos, por fim, queos resultados desta pesquisa podem nos levar a refletir sobre a inserção da mulher naCiência e Tecnologia, visto que o espaço sócio ocupacional pesquisado é um local deeducação formal, com vistas à ciência e ao desenvolvimento de tecnologias.

Natural matrices represent a rich source of biologically active compounds and are an example of molecular diversity, with recognized potential in drug discovery and development. Many plants frequently used in folk medicine have antioxidant and pharmacological properties connected with the presence of phenolic compounds, especially flavonoids [1]. The biological, pharmacological and medicinal properties of this group of compounds have been extensively reviewed (2]. Ethnobotanical surveys conducted in the Northeast of Portugal highlighted the decoction of Helichrysum stoechas (L.) Moench (shrubby everl asting; port. douradinha) for cold, bronchitis and fever [3]. In the present study, the phenolic composition of H. stoechas (inflorescences and leafy flowering stems) was analyzed by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography coupled to diode array detection and mass spectrometry with electron spray ionization (HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS), after extraction with methanol:water (80:20 v/v). Seventeen different phenolic compounds were identified, in which eight were characterized as phenolic acids, being 5-0-caffeoylquinic and 3,5-0-dicaffeoylquinic acids the most abundant compounds. Furthermore, nine flavonols were also identified, mostly derivatives of quercetin and myricetin, being myricetin 0 -acylhexoside the most abundant flavonoid. Overall, the analytical screening by HPLC-MS represents a valid and rapid approach in the search of new bioactive phenolic compounds. ; FCT for financial support to CIMO (strategic project PEstOE/ AGR/UI0690/2011 ). L. Barros also thanks to FCT, POPH-QREN and FSE for her grant (SFRH/BPD/4609/2008). The GIP-USAL is financially supported by the Spanish Government through the Conso/ider-lngenio 2010 Programme (FUN-C-FOOD, CSD2007-00063). M. Duenas thanks to the Programa Ram6n y Cajal for a contract.

Rubus ulmifolius Schoot (Rosaceae), known as wild blackberry, is a perennial shrubfound in wild and cultivated habitats in Europe, Asia and North Africa[1]. Traditionally, R. ulmifoliusis considered to be anticatarrhal, antiseptic, diuretic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, astringent, and antispasmodic. Oral dosage forms are used for diarrhea, menstrual pain, menopause disorders, liver diseases, aphtha, gingivitis, hypertension and diabetes [2].Different classes of bioactive constituents are present in R. ulmifolius, including phenolic compounds. This study aimed to determine the phenolic composition of different preparations (decoction and hydromethanolic extract)of R. ulmifoliusflower buds. The analysis of phenolic compounds was carried out by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography coupled to diode array detection and mass spectrometry with electron spray ionization (HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS), in order to establish the specific phenolic profile of each preparation. The phenolic profile of both preparations was identical, varying only in the concentrations found. Twenty-three phenolic compounds were identified in both samples, in which seven were identified as phenolic acids (di- and caffeolyqui nic, p-coumaroylquinicand feruloylquinic acids),ten flavonoids (quercetin and kaempferol derivatives and catechin), and five ellagitannin derivatives (lambertianin and di -HHDP-galloyl glucose). These compoundswere found in both preparations. The most abundant compounds foundwere ellagitannin derivatives, such as lambertianin and di-HHDP-galloyl glucose. Gasperotti et al. [3]have identified these compounds in R. fruticosus fruits. To our knowledge, this is the first time that these compounds were identified and quantified inR. ulmifolius flowers buds. ; FCT for financial support to CIMO (strategic project PEstOE/ AGR/UI0690/20 11 ). L. Barros also thanks to FCT, POPH-QREN and FSE for her grant (SFRH/BPD/4609/2008). The GIP-USAL is financially supported by the Spanish Government through the Consolider-lngenio 2010 Programme (FUN-C-FOOD, CSD2007-00063). M. Duefias thanks to the Programa Ram6n y Cajal for a contract.

Medicinal plants are recognized as important sources of novel biomolecules, which theoretically can be used in the treatment of diverse diseases. Chenopodium ambrosioides L. (Amaranthaceae; syn: Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants) is an example of a plant formerly used in Portuguese traditional medicine, normally consumed as infusion of its dried leaves and flowering stems. lt has diverse pharmacological applications in the treatment of influenza, cold or gastrointestinal and respiratory ailments, healing of skin ulceration caused by Leishmania species, as well as vomitive, antihelmintic, anti-inflammatory and antitumor properties [1-3]. In this study, the bioactive properties (antioxidant and antitumour activities, and hepatotoxicity) of the infusion and methanolic extract of wild C. ambrosioides were evaluated and compared. Furthermore, the chemical composition in hydrophilic (sugars, organic acids and phenolic compounds) and lipophilic (fatty acids and tocopherols) compounds were determined. In general, the infusion revealed higher antioxidant activity, while the methanolic extract was the only one showing antitumour effects against colon, cervical and hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. No toxicity in non-tumour cells was observed either for the infusion or the extract. Bioactive compounds such as some sugars and organic acids, phenolic compounds, unsaturated fatty acids and tocopherols were identified and quantified in C. ambrosioides. As far as we know, this is the first detailed chemical characterization and bioactivity evaluation of C. ambrosioides methanolic extract and infusion. ; Fundação para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT, Portugal) for financial support to CIMO (strategic project PEst-OE/AGR/UI0690/2011 ). L. Barros also thanks to FCT, POPH-QREN and FSE for her grant (SFRH/BPD/4609/2008). The GIP-USAL is financially supported by the Spanish Government through the Consolider-lngenio 2010 Programme (FUN-CFOOD, CSD2007-00063). M. Duenas thanks to the Programa Ram6n y Cajal tor a contract.

Many herbal beverages, frequently used in folk medicine, have pharmacological properties connected with the presence of antioxidants such as phenolic compounds. Tuberaria lignosa (Sweet) Samp. (Fam. Cistaceae) is one of the most popular medicinal plants in several regions of the Iberian Peninsula used to prepare herbal infusions or decoctions [1 ].1n the present work, the antioxidant activity of wild T. lignosa infusion and decoction was evaluated by four different methodologies (free radical scavenging activity, reducing power and lipid peroxidation inhibition) and the phenolic composition was determined by HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS. Ellagitanins and flavonoids were the main phenolic compounds found, being punicalagin and punicalagin gallate the most abundant compounds ( - 123 and 98 mg/g of infusion and decoction, respectively). The infusion and decoction presented very similar results in the amounts of phenolic compounds, but the antioxidant potential was slightly higher in the decoction preparation. Both samples revealed high antioxidant activity (EC50 values lower than 57.3 llg/ml), even higher, in some cases, than the standard trolox. This work gives scientific evidences to the traditional medicinal uses of wild Tuberaria lignosa, highlighting the interest of its decoction and infusion as sources of bioactive compounds (e.g. phenolic compounds) that could be used as functional beverages. ; Funda<;:ao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT, Portugal) for financial support to Mountain Research Centre (strategic project PEst-OE/AGR/UI0690/2011 ). L. Barros thanks FCT, POPH-QREN and FSE for her grant (SFRH/BPD/4609/2008). The GIP-USAL is financially supported by the Spanish Government through the Consolider-lngenio 2010 Programme (FUN-C-FOOD, CSD2007-00063). M. Duefias thanks to the Programa Raman y Cajal for a contract.

The organic waste, after separation from rejected and recyclable waste, is treated by anaerobic digestion and composting, in order to obtain biogas and a compost that can be used in agriculture. However, the current waste management legislation in Europe and expected developments regarding the coming directives on the application of the "End-of-waste" criteria, are leading to barriers on the use of fertilizers resulting from waste [1]. Within this context, the current work proposes an alternative strategy to the valorisation of compost, through the production of highvalue materials to be used in catalytic processes. To this aim, a compost obtained from a mechanical biological treatment plant for municipal solid waste was considered. The material was first washed (1 litter of water per 100 g of compost), in order to remove the soluble compounds and suspend solids. Then, two different materials were prepared by carbonization at 400 (C-400) and 800 ºC (C-800). In addition, following the procedure previously described [2], two materials were prepared with H2SO4 before and after the carbonization at 800 ºC (C-S-800 and C-800-S, respectively). Finally, the materials were sieved, in order to obtain samples in three different particle size ranges: 0-106 μm (LSp), 106-250 μm (MSp) and higher than 250 μm (HSp). All materials were assessed in H2O2 decomposition (Fig.1). As can be observed, conversions of H2O2 higher than 80 % at 24 h are obtained with the most of samples (much higher than the conversion obtained without material, ca. 30 %). In addition, the increase of the carbonization temperature results in materials with a catalytic activity greatly increased. On the opposite, the modification with H2SO4 shows a negative effect, likely due to an increase of acidity [3]. ; This work is a result of project VALORCOMP, funded by FEDER through Programme INTERREG V A Spain - Portugal (POCTEP) 2014–2020 and "AIProcMat@N2020 - Advanced Industrial Processes and Materials for a Sustainable Northern Region of Portugal 2020", with ...

Plants are being increasingly used in dermatological formulations, since their collateral effects are lower than those caused by synthetic products. Hydrogels represent efficient formulations to incorporate plant extracts, providing good percutaneous absorption, non-greasy texture and easy application. Bryonia dioica Jacq. (white-bryony), Tamus communis L. (black-bryony) and Lonicera periclymenum L. (honeysuckle) fruits have important applications as topical homemade remedies. The phenolic extracts of B. dioica, T. communis and L. periclymenum were characterized by HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS, and further incorporated into hydrosoluble gels in order to evaluate their antioxidant potential. The hydrogels were prepared with each fruit extract at the EC50 value (obtained herein for each ethanolic extract). The antioxidant activity of extracts and hydrogels was evaluated following different chemical and biochemical assays. Eighteen compounds were identified in honeysuckle (7 flavonols, 7 hydroxycinnamoyl derivatives and 4 anthocyanins), fourteen in white-bryony (9 flavonols and 5 flavones) and twelve in black-bryony (7 flavonols and 5 flavones). Honeysuckle showed the highest concentrations of phenolic compounds, but the antioxidant activity was similar among the three assayed species. The obtained formulations revealed antioxidant activity close to 50% for reducing power, scavenging activity and β-carotene/linoleate assays. The studied fruits might be considered as good source of phenolic compounds that can be used in formulations for topical application, benefiting their antioxidant effects. ; Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT, Portugal) for financial support to CIMO (strategic project PEst-OE/AGR/UI0690/2011). J.C.M. Barreira thanks to FCT, POPH-QREN and FSE for his grant (SFRH/BPD/72802/2010). M. Dueñas thanks to the Programa Ramón y Cajal for a contract. The GIP-USAL is financially supported by the Spanish Government through the Consolider-Ingenio 2010 Programme (FUN-C-FOOD, CSD2007-00063).