Suchergebnisse

Against the backdrop of a restrictive backlash in Europe, this article examines Portugal and Spain's policies on immigrants' acquisition of their national citizenships and assesses their potential convergence towards a common model. Drawing on a qualitative comparative analysis, this investigation also seeks to understand the evolution of the two Iberian countries' approaches by exploring the dominant theories on the variation of citizenship regimes. A significant degree of policy convergence over an assimilationist model was identified between the early 1990s and the mid-2000s. Thereafter, Portugal shifted towards a multicultural model, whilst policy stability was observed in Spain. Policy variation between the two countries was mostly associated with the role of political ideas, in particular the centre-left parties' commitment to multiculturalism. Furthermore, this investigation highlights the divergence of Portugal's approach from the wider restrictive backlash supposedly observed in Europe, whilst Spain continues to uphold an assimilation model in the twentieth-first century. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion

Immigration is often perceived as a political topic that overlaps traditional ideological cleavages. Much research has focused on the positions of the extreme right, and little research has examined mainstream parties and their public stances on immigration. This shortcoming hampers broader understanding of political competition on this issue. Drawing on a political claims analysis of seven countries between 1995 and 2009, we present the salience, position and overall coherence of claims made by mainstream parties on immigration control and immigrant integration. Mainstream left parties adopt a more positive/expansive position on immigration and exhibit higher levels of coherence than centrist and right-wing parties. We also show that the impact of extreme-right parties on the political claims of mainstream left parties seems to be limited. Our conclusions highlight that immigration does not necessarily constitute a cross-cutting cleavage across mainstream left parties: Their ideological preferences remain aligned with their positive/liberal discourse on immigration control and immigrant integration. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion

Immigration is envisaged as part of an 'emergent cultural cleavage' across Western Europe. Within this context, this article explores the politicization of immigration in Portugal between 1995 and 2014. Politicization is interpreted as being formed by two distinct dimensions: salience and polarization of the political claims found within news articles extracted from newspapers. Notwithstanding the doubling of the foreign population settled in the country in the early 2000s, the diminished salience and the absence of significant political conflict suggest that immigration failed to become politicized in Portugal. Drawing on a comparative analysis with seven other European states between 1995 and 2009, Portugal observed the lowest rate of politicization. Rather than being related with socio‐economic factors, the lack of politicization of immigration was associated with the strategies of the mainstream parties, which successfully prevented the emergence of this topic as a significant political cleavage. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion

The information published by the millions of public social network users is an important source of knowledge that can be used in academic, socioeconomic or demographic studies (distribution of male and female population, age, marital status, birth), lifestyle analysis (interests, hobbies, social habits) or be used to study online behavior (time spent online, interaction with friends or discussion about brands, products or politics). This work uses a database of about 27 million Portuguese geolocated tweets, produced in Portugal by 97.8 K users during a 1-year period, to extract information about the behavior of the geolocated Portuguese Twitter community and show that with this information it is possible to extract overall indicators such as: the daily periods of increased activity per region; prediction of regions where the concentration of the population is higher or lower in certain periods of the year; how do regional habitants feel about life; or what is talked about in each region. We also analyze the behavior of the geolocated Portuguese Twitter users based on the tweeted contents, and find indications that their behavior differs in certain relevant aspect from other Twitter communities, hypothesizing that this is in part due to the abnormal high percentage of young teenagers in the community. Finally, we present a small case study on Portuguese tourism in the Algarve region. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first study that shows geolocated Portuguese users' behavior in Twitter focusing on geographic regional use. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion

Publicado em "Sustainable housing 2016: proceedings of the International Conference on Sustainable Housing Planning, Management and Usability" ; The existing European building stock is responsible for 40% of total energy consumption and 36% of greenhouse gas emissions in Europe. In order to reduce these values, the European Union (UE) has been strengthening and updating the regulations which define the minimum energy requirements for buildings. Therefore, Member States started to increase their energy requirements for buildings, with the purpose to raise their efficiency, reduce their emissions and energy needs, making them more sustainable at the energy level. The renovation of the existing buildings, especially those designed before the first thermal codes is an essential step to achieving the EU proposed targets, due to their low energy performance. Thus, the energy renovation of existing buildings, combined with other sustainable design practices, is a priority to reduce EU's energy dependency and carbon emissions. On this context, this study aims at presenting the energy renovation of a Portuguese dwelling, built in the late 60, using a Building Information Modelling (BIM) approach during the design phase. BIM methodology was used to perform an energy analysis of a case study, in order to discuss the advantages of this approach at identifying the best energy renovation scenario. From this study, it was possible to verify that the main added value of the BIM is that it can streamline the designers' decision making by improving better integrating between different design areas, saving time and money during the design stages and therefore promoting the better efficiency of the building ...

PurposeThe new public management (NPM) agenda is transforming the public sector in many countries. However, there have been criticisms of NPM, particularly over its emphasis on quantification, results orientation and the measurement of performance to the possible detriment of service delivery. The purpose of this paper is to examine an important public service – the fire service – in differing contexts: the "mature" NPM setting of the UK, and a "late adopter" of NPM – Portugal.Design/methodology/approachThis study is conducted by a combined methods approach. The principal focus of this study is on publicly available databases of performance indicators. The data are supported by additional material from operational officers in fire services, and from oversight bodies, obtained by interviews and by survey in Portugal.FindingsThis comparative study reaffirms the potential for NPM solutions to public service management. In particular, there is a case for carefully targeted key performance indicators in Portuguese fire services.Originality/valueThis paper makes an original contribution to ideas of NPM in action by focussing on performance measurement in different contexts. The comparative aspect of this paper is crucial as a means of assessing the portability of NPM ideas in different national settings.

O bem-estar subjetivo/ Subjetive well-being (SWB) constitui uma importante dimensão no estudo da qualidade de vida das crianças (Ben-Arieh, Casas, Frønes, & Korbin, 2014; Bradshaw, 2015; Casas, 2016). Nos últimos anos, têm sido realizados estudos regulares que analisam o bem-estar subjetivo das crianças incluídas na população em geral, no âmbito do Children World Project (http://www.isciweb.org.). Os estudos do SWB sublinham a importância da participação das crianças relativamente às decisões que afetam a sua vida, em dimensões como a educação, a rede de amigos e a utilização do tempo livre (Casa & Rees, 2015; González et al., 2015; Sarriera et al., 2015). A estabilidade, o sucesso educativo, uma relação afetiva e comprometida com os cuidadores, a existência de uma rede social de amigos, e a realização de atividades de tempo livre, atuam como fatores compensadores, que potenciam o sentimento de bem-estar (Lee & Yoo, 2015). A vivência numa sociedade em que o tempo é um bem escasso e o bem-estar parece estar associado ao consumo e à posse, como necessidades indispensáveis para a felicidade dos seres humanos (Alves, 2014), coloca em evidência a importância da qualidade daquilo que se faz no tempo disponível e não necessariamente na quantidade de tempo disponível. Neste sentido, assumem particular relevância os tempos livres e a forma como estes se transformam em ócio, numa experiência enriquecedora que nos permite entender o mundo de forma diferente (Cuenca, 2011), contribuindo para a igualdade de oportunidades e para a democratização da vida em comum (Caride, 2012). Partindo de uma linha de estudo que encara o tempo livre como um tempo formativo e de intervenção educativa (Araújo, 2011), na qual o tempo livre diz respeito a uma fração do tempo disponível, percecionamos o ócio como uma forma positiva de utilização dessa fração do tempo disponível (Peñalba, 2001). O International Survey of Children's Well-Being (ISCWeB), da Children's Worlds, envolve países em todos os continentes e recolhe dados relativos à vida das crianças, às suas atividades diárias, à sua utilização do tempo e, em particular, às suas perceções e avaliações do seu bem-estar. O objetivo é melhorar o bemestar das crianças, divulgando o conhecimento sobre a sua vida quotidiana na família, e na comunidade, e promovendo a compreensão das suas convicções, do seu grau de satisfação com o meio e com as relações que mantêm. Ambiciona igualmente influenciar os líderes de opinião, decisores, profissionais e o público em geral, nos países que participam no projeto bem como no panorama internacional. As dimensões abrangidas pelo ISCWeB são as seguintes: casa; saúde; objetos materiais; utilização do tempo; relações interpessoais; escola; zona em que vive; dados pessoais. Inclui itens de três escalas psicométricas sobre o SWB: PWI (Personal well-being Index); SLSS (Student´s Life Satisfaction Scale); e OLS (Overall life satisfaction). A primeira fase do projeto começou em 2009, abrangendo 14 países numa pesquisa piloto em grande escala, e contou com a participação de 34.500 crianças (Tamar & Rees, 2014; Tamar & Ben-Arieh, 2015; Tamar, Main, & Fernandes, 2015). A recolha dos dados relativa à segunda fase decorreu a partir de 2013, abrangendo 19 países, e teve a participação de 53.000 crianças. Os principais resultados do estudo encontram-se compilados em diferentes publicações: Chidren's Worlds, 2016; Rees, Bradshaw, & Andresen, 2015; e Rees & Main, 2015. A terceira fase do estudo arrancou em 2016 e prolonga-se até 2019. Este trabalho centra-se na análise do bem-estar subjetivo, focando-se particularmente na utilização do tempo livre na vida das crianças com idades compreendidas entre os 12 e os 14 anos de idade. Os resultados da aplicação do questionário utilizado no International Survey of Children´s Well-Being (ISCWeB – Children´s worlds), no decurso da segunda vaga, em 2013, numa amostra de crianças do 3º, 5º e 7º anos de escolaridade de escolas públicas da área metropolitana de Lisboa (N = 764), mostram que existe, particularmente para as crianças de 5º e 7º anos (12-14 anos) uma correlação positiva e significativa entre a felicidade que sentem na forma como utilizam o seu tempo e a sua vida como um todo (r = .487, p < .01) e o seu autoconceito (r = .564, p < .01). Numa perspetiva longitudinal, estes dados são comparados com as 67 respostas já recolhidas aos questionários da 3ª vaga, para a mesma idade, em fase de aplicação em 2018 no distrito do Porto. O objetivo é englobar, no final, um grupo de 300 crianças. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Low-altitude, near-polar orbits are very desirable for scientific missions to study the natural satellites of the planets of the Solar System, such as Europa, that is one of the natural satellites of Jupiter. the problem is analyzed considering that an artificial satellite is orbiting Europa and that this spacecraft is perturbed by the nonuniform distribution of mass of the planetary satellite (J(2), J(3), C-22) and by the gravitational attraction of the third-body. We present an analytical theory using the averaged model and applications were done by performing numerical integrations of the analytical equations developed. Using the averaged method, several frozen orbits were obtained. Some of them has low inclination, low altitude and long lifetime. Numerical simulations are performed using the software Mercury, to compare the results obtained using the analytical theory. ; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) ; Edital ; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) ; Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) ; Spanish Government ; UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, BR-12516410 Guaratingueta, SP, Brazil ; Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP Inst Ciencia & Tecnol, BR-12331280 Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil ; Univ Zaragoza, Ctr Univ Def, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain ; Univ Zaragoza, GME IUMA, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain ; INPE, Div Space Mech & Control, BR-12227010 Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil ; Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP Inst Ciencia & Tecnol, BR-12331280 Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil ; FAPESP: 2007/04413-7 ; FAPESP: 2011/05671-5 ; FAPESP: 2011/09310-7 ; Edital: 14/2011-PROPe ; CNPq: 303070/2011-0 ; Spanish Government: AYA2008-05572 ; Web of Science

National inventories of anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (implementation of the National Communications) are organized according to five main sectors, namely: Energy, Industrial Processes, Agriculture, Land-Use Change and Forestry (LUCF) and Waste. The objective of this study was to review and calculate the potential of greenhouse gas mitigation strategies in Brazil for the Agricultural and LUCF. The first step consisted in an analysis of Brazilian official and unofficial documents related to climate change and mitigation policies. Secondly, business as usual (BAU) and mitigation scenarios were elaborated for the 2010-2020 timeframe, and calculations of the corresponding associated GHG emissions and removals were performed. Additionally, two complementary approaches were used to point out and quantify the main mitigation options: a) following the IPCC 1996 guidelines and b) based on EX-ACT. Brazilian authorities announced that the country will target a reduction in its GHG between 36.1 and 38.9% from projected 2020 levels. This is a positive stand that should also be adopted by other developing countries. To reach this government goal, agriculture and livestock sectors must contribute with an emission reduction of 133 to 166 Mt CO(2)-eq. This seems to be reachable when confronted to our mitigation option values, which are in between the range of 178.3 to 445 Mt CO(2)-eq. Government investments on agriculture are necessary to minimize the efforts from the sectors to reach their targets.